Optimizing Reproductive Outcomes of Peranakan Etawa Goat with Microalgae Diet by Determining Ovarian Activity, Estradiol 17β Levels and Serum Malondialdehyde

Abstract

This study aimed to identify Spirulina (Athrospira sp.) supplementation to examine the effects on the blood estrogen and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the ovarian activity of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats during anestrous conditions using ultrasound. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed in the study, with three treatments totaling six replications (6 individuals) in each group. Group 1 (K-) consisted of untreated normal PE goats; Group 2 (K+) treated anestrus-prone PE goats with prostaglandin (PGF2α) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) hormones; Group 3 (KP) treated anestrus-prone PE goats with PGF2α and GnRH hormones with super-antioxidant feed at a dose of 0.5% body weight for 21 days. The data observed included the onset of estrus, ultrasound picture of the ovaries, serum estrogen levels using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, and MDA levels using the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) test method. ANOVA (Analysis of variances) post hoc LSD test was used to examine the collected data, and a significance value of P<0.05 was set. The findings indicated no significant difference between the goats in the KP and K-control groups (P<0.05) regarding estradiol 17β levels in those goats experiencing post-partum anestrus. Moreover, significantly lower serum MDA levels (P<0.05) were seen in the KP group. The ultrasound observations' outcomes further demonstrated the presence of a dominating follicle image, which suggested ovarian activity following microalgae feeding. In goats undergoing post-partum anestrus, administering two injections of PGF2α in conjunction with microalgae supplementation was found to dramatically raise serum estradiol 17β levels.