Optimizing structure, toughness and wear performance of 15 % Cr cold work cast tool steel

Elghazaly, Saied

doi:10.1002/srin.199300997

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…All steels in this group are typically hardened at 800°C, oil quenched, them like O1, O2 and O7. All the steels are quenched in heavy oil and then low-temperature tempered at 250°C [ 16,17].…”

Section: O-oil Quenched Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in Cold Work Tool Steels- Research and Development

Elghazaly

2023

International Journal of Materials Technology and Innovation

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The tool and die steels are essential for nearly all industrial sectors; hence they are being used to shape all articles that e present around us. Tool steel refers to a spectrum of plain and medium or highly alloyed ones that are particularly tailor-made for specific purposes. Their performance comes from their special microstructures (martensite and carbides) which assure resistance to adhesive and abrasive wear as well as galling, and their ability to maintain a cutting edge at severe adhesive forces. As a result, die and tool steels are widely used in the forming and shaping of other metals and materials. Many types of tool steels are being applied in forging, rolling, cutting, pressing, and extruding metals and other materials. Their use to manufacture injection molds is outstanding due to their high resistance to the adhesive and abrasive wear, which is a vital and essential criterion for a mold that would be used to produce thousands of products or parts. The conventional production of tool steels is through the normal steelmaking route, ingot casting or continuous cast (CC), annealing, and final inspection. From these products tools and dies are manufactured through traditional machining operations using lathes, drillers, CNC machines, wire cut or EDM processes. During the past years, the so-called composite powder-metallurgy (PM) and powder spray forming (PSF) technologies have been developed to be implemented in industry and are suitable to produce high alloyed tool steels on an industrial scale. The metal spray-formed tool steel parts proved to have homogeneous, uniform, and fine microstructure if compared with PM or conventionally produced cold-work tool steel especially in texture and mechanical properties. Industrial applications advocate these tools made using spray-formed steel had higher performance and lifetime than those produced through the conventional route. High toughness is required in the case of steel grades used for pressing dies which depends on the contents of alloying elements (chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten). In the case of drop forging dies wide properties are required and the standard steel grades are different from each other according to their usage in specific type of die or tool parts. A balanced combination of strength, toughness, adhesion resistance and other properties are required. Dies produced using PM or metal spray forming are tested in forged conditions and it was found that the lifetime of the dies is increased on average by 50 % higher than that obtained from the conventional standard tool steel.

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Section: O-oil Quenched Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in Cold Work Tool Steels- Research and Development

Elghazaly

2023

International Journal of Materials Technology and Innovation

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“…The strengthening mechanism of such tool steels depends on the transformation of austenite to martensite along with precipitation of primary and secondary carbides [8]. In all cases, the uneven-coarse distribution of primary and secondary carbides after heat treatment causes loss of cutting performance due to rapid over-aging of carbides at high temperature above 500 °C [9]. Furthermore, the hardening process of such steel alloys causes distortion and may introduce hair cracks in the steel [10].…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2013

JMSE-B

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Abstract:The recent appearance of mobile application processor now plays an important role in the semiconductor industry. Additionally, there have been endless demands for small form factor, thin profile, outstanding thermal, mechanical properties and electrical performances in the field of IC packages for mobile application processors. MIS (Molded Interconnect Substrate) can provide ideal and this solution in the mobile industry as it contains multiple solutions for the complicated requirement of the IC packages for application processors. Based on the embedded pattern technology, this solution can provide high I/O count, fine pattern for small form factor, and stable flip chip mounting methods. Other advantages of this solution include stable properties required for high-frequency transmission and high thermal dissipation rate as it is only composed of copper and epoxy mold compound materials. These core techniques for MIS technology can be divided into below major concepts. First, Cu pillar electrolytic plating technology electrically connects the inner and the outer layers using photo-lithography method, instead of laser method. The shape of Cu pillar and the plating thickness tolerance control are the key parameters. Second, grinding technology is to precisely grind the plated Cu pillars and applied mold epoxy. And deposition of Cu layer on top of grinded mold surface can construct fine pattern traces.

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“…In order to satisfy the requirement of different wear work conditions, the reasonable matching of hardness and toughness of low alloy steel can be controlled in a large range by adjusting composition and heat treatment parameters. Recently, researchers have paid extensive attention to the investigation and application of low alloy steel as abrasion resistant material [16][17][18][19]. The usual abrasion resistant low alloy steel contains costly molybdenum and nickel etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B Cast Steel as a Function of Carbon Concentration

Kuang

Wang³

2008

steel research international

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The microstructures, mechanical properties and abrasive wear behaviour of five kinds of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B cast steels were studied. The steels investigated contained X wt.% C with X= 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 2.5 wt.% Si, 2.5 wt.% Mn, 0.5 wt.% Cr, 0.004 wt.%B . The results showed that the Ac1temperatures increased and Ac3 and Ms temperatures decreased with increasing carbon concentration. From the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves, it was discovered that the incubation period of pearlitic transformation was prolonged and the transformation curves of pearlite and bainite were separated significantly with rising carbon concentration. At lower carbon concentration, the normalized structure of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B cast steel consisted mainly of granular bainite and M‐A islands. The normalized microstructures of the cast steel changed from granular bainite gradually to needle‐like bainite, upper bainite, and lower bainite with rising carbon concentration. The tensile strength and hardness of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B cast steel increased and impact and fracture toughness decreased with increasing carbon content. The wear testing results showed that the wear resistance of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B cast steel improved with higher carbon content but was obviously unchanged beyond the carbon concentration of 0.45%. The best balance of properties of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B cast steel is obtained at the carbon concentration range of 0.35 ‐ 0.45%C.

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Optimizing structure, toughness and wear performance of 15 % Cr cold work cast tool steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Innovations in Cold Work Tool Steels- Research and Development

Innovations in Cold Work Tool Steels- Research and Development

Untitled

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Si‐Mn‐Cr‐B Cast Steel as a Function of Carbon Concentration

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