Optimizing Supply Chain Network Design

The optical properties of (PVA+PVP) + PANI blends

“…From the table the PANI additive increases the optical band gap from (2.3eV to 2.52eV). The increasing in the optical band gap is probably due to the increasing the legalized state in optical energy gap due to increasing the PANI Concentration, that means the increasing in the optical band gap is probably due to modification of the polymer structure [10,12]. values compared with (PVA+PVP) matrix, in general, the reflective index increases by increasing the C-H bonds, which leads increasing in cross linking in polymer chain [13].…”

“…The real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant (ɛ r and ɛ i ) can be calculated by using equations. ɛ r = n 2 -k 2 (6) ɛ i = 2nk (7) Taucput the empirical equation between the optical energy gap and energy of incident photon which is [10,11]: αhv = D(hv -E g ) r (8) Where D is a constant, hνis the energy of incident photon, which can be calculated using the equationhν (eV) = . And r is the order of the optical transition depending on the nature of electronic transition.…”