Optimizing the APC residue washing process to minimize the release of chloride and heavy metals

Chimenos, J.M.; Fernández, A. Inés; Cervantes, A.; Miralles, L.; Fernández, Miguel Ángel Luque; Espiell, F.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.014

Cited by 78 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Some of the values given in the literature for CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Ti 2 O, SO 3 , P 2 O 5 , MnO and ZnO are indicated in Table 3. Oxide compositions are also given in many other studies, such as Quina et al (2006), Qian et al (2006a,b), Park et al (2005), Carignan et al (2005), Chimenos et al (2005), Stegemann and Buenfeld (2003), Wang et al (2002Wang et al ( , 2004, Rémond et al (2002a), Nishida et al (2001), Polettini et al (2001), Haugsten and Gustavson (2000) and Derie (1996). Although oxide composition may vary, a very high alkali content is generally observed, mainly due to the calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate usually used for acid gas removal.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Residuesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…5): (1) Washing processes: The objective in this case is generally to remove the soluble salts by using water as a leachant. This process may be used as a first step in more elaborate methodologies (Chimenos et al, 2005;Mangialardi, 2003;Piantone et al, 2003;Nzihou and Sharrock, 2002;Krebs et al, 2001;Lundtorp et al, 2003;Derie, 1996;Mulder, 1996). Kirby and Rimstidt (1994) studied the dominant chemical reactions between water and a mixture of ESP and bottom ash (BA), and concluded that 10 kg of anhydrous salts can be obtained from a tonne of waste.…”

Section: Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Bordado²,

2008

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This work reviews strategies for the management of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues, particularly solid particles collected from flue gases. These tiny particles may be retained by different equipment, with or without additives (lime, activated carbon, etc.), and depending on the different possible combinations, their properties may vary. In industrial plants, the most commonly used equipment for heat recovery and the cleaning of gas emissions are: heat recovery devices (boiler, superheater and economiser); dry, semidry or wet scrubbers; electrostatic precipitators; bag filters; fabric filters, and cyclones. In accordance with the stringent regulations in force in developed countries, these residues are considered hazardous, and therefore must be treated before being disposed of in landfills. Nowadays, research is being conducted into specific applications for these residues in order to prevent landfill practices. There are basically two possible ways of handling these residues: landfill after adequate treatment or recycling as a secondary material. The different types of treatment may be grouped into three categories: separation processes, solidification/stabilization, and thermal methods. These residues generally have limited applications, mainly due to the fact that they tend to contain large quantities of soluble salts (NaCl, KCl, calcium compounds), significant amounts of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd) in forms that may easily leach out, and trace quantities of very toxic organic compounds (dioxin, furans). The most promising materials for recycling this residue are ceramics and glass-ceramic materials.The main purpose of the present paper is to review the published literature in this field. A range of studies have been summarized in a series of tables focusing upon management strategies used in various countries, waste composition, treatment processes and possible applications.

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Section: Characterization Of the Residuesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Bordado²,

2008

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“…The composition of APC fly ash strongly depends on the technology adopted. The semi-dry process used in the gas treatment is highly alkaline due to the lime grout added to neutralize the gases coming from the combustion chamber (Chimenos et al, 2005). High alkalinity promotes the leaching of strongly amphoteric heavy metals, such as lead and zinc (Polettini et al, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate material formulated with MSWI bottom ash and APC fly ash for use as secondary building material

et al. 2013

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The main goal of this paper is to obtain a granular material formulated with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) and air pollution control (APC) fly ash to be used as secondary building material. Previously, an optimum concrete mixture using both MSWI residues as aggregates was formulated. A compromise between the environmental behaviour and the economy of the process was considered. Unconfined compressive strength and abrasion resistance values were measured in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. From these results, the granular mixture was not suited for certain applications owing to the high BA/APC fly ash content and low cement percentages used to reduce the costs of the final product.Nevertheless, the leaching test performed showed that the concentrations of all heavy metals were below the limits established by the current Catalan legislation for their reutilization. Therefore, the material studied might be mainly used in embankments, where high mechanical properties are not needed and environmental safety is assured.

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“…Separation techniques include washing and leaching of the FA by water [54,55] or by means of more sophisticated multiple step procedures [56]. On applying this method, chlorides can be extracted after solution evaporation and salts may be recovered [41,[57][58][59]. Several types of washing technique have been applied in particular for MSWI FA [60]; they displayed that it is possible to wash FA with water or with an acidic water solution.…”

Section: Advances In Materials Science and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet-Treated MSWI Fly Ash Used as Supplementary Cementitious Material

Keppert

Siddique

Pavlík

et al. 2015

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is a common technique in treatment of domestic waste. This technique annually produces approximately 25 Mt solid residues (i.e., bottom and fly ash) worldwide which is also a major issue in current research. In this research we are concerned with reusing the fly ash (FA) as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete. Such application solves the problem with heavy metal immobilization as well. To remove the high content of undesired soluble salts, number of washing treatments has been applied. Chemical composition of FA has been examined before and after treatments. The impact of cement substitution by FA in concrete was evaluated by measurement of its compressive strength and durability.

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Optimizing the APC residue washing process to minimize the release of chloride and heavy metals

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Aggregate material formulated with MSWI bottom ash and APC fly ash for use as secondary building material

Wet-Treated MSWI Fly Ash Used as Supplementary Cementitious Material

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