Optimizing the Energy Transfer, With a High System Efficiency in Dynamic Inductive Charging of EVs

This paper presents a design optimization algorithm for series-series compensated Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system based on flat spiral coils, considering bifurcation phenomenon and AC equivalent resistance of the coils. Moreover, it finds the best values in the areas where the IPT system operates in Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition. Equivalent AC resistance of spiral coils is modeled based on eddy currents simulations using Finite Element Method (FEM) and Maxwell simulator. Based on the FEM simulations, a new approximation method using separation of variables is proposed as a function of spiral coil's main parameters. This paper shows that this model accurately derive equivalent resistance of the coils for a specific strand diameter, with almost 95% accuracy. Based on the proposed algorithm, several IPT systems are optimized in MATLAB software using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally, the proposed method has been verified using a laboratory prototype with output power of about 200 watts and operating frequency of about 85 kHz.

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“…Regarding (6) up to (9), the input power, P in , output power, P out , and efficiency, η, are obtained by:…”

Section: A Modeling Of the Ipt Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to these advantages, IPT systems have wide applications for different power levels. High-power applications of IPT systems include wireless charging of EVs and public transportation systems [6]- [8]. Low-power applications of IPT system include wireless charging of biomedical implants [9], [10] and wireless charger for mobiles devices [2], [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Inductive Power Transfer Systems Considering Bifurcation and Equivalent AC Resistance for Spiral Coils

et al. 2020

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“…However, as it also substantially increased CO 2 emissions, another reason would be the loss of energy efficiency caused by the systems. As the technology is still at the developmental stage, manufacturers will need to devise smarter ways to reduce the inefficiencies [58,59].…”

Section: Role Of Service Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonisation of Urban Freight Transport Using Electric Vehicles and Opportunity Charging

et al. 2018

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The high costs of using electric vehicles (EVs) is hindering wide-spread adoption of an EV-centric decarbonisation strategy for urban freight transport. Four opportunity charging (OC) strategies—during breaks and shift changes, during loading activity, during unloading activity, or while driving on highways—are evaluated towards reducing EV costs. The study investigates the effect of OC on the lifecycle costs and carbon dioxide emissions of four cases of different urban freight transport operations. Using a parametric vehicle model, the weight and battery capacity of operationally suitable fleets were calculated for ten scenarios (i.e., one diesel vehicle scenario, two EV scenarios without OC, and seven EV scenarios with four OC strategies and two charging technology types). A linearized energy consumption model sensitive to vehicle load was used to calculate the fuel and energy used by fleets for the transport operations. OC was found to significantly reduce lifecycle costs, and without any strong negative influence on carbon dioxide emissions. Other strong influences on lifecycle costs are the use of inductive technology, extension of service lifetime, and reduction of battery price. Other strong influences on carbon dioxide emissions are the use of inductive technology and the emissions factors of electricity production.

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“…Recently, owing to the development of next-generation power electronic devices, such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) devices, many DC-DC converters have achieved a peak efficiency of 98-99% [1][2][3]. However, in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicles (EVs), the peak efficiency from the DC link to the DC battery load is still 95-96%, and load-average efficiency, which is averaged over the entire range of output power, is much lower than the typical DC-DC converters [4][5][6][7][8]. This is because the IPT system has loosely coupled primary and secondary coils that transmit power through a wide air gap [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies have been conducted to solve the efficiency problem of the IPT system, including optimization of PCSs, improvement of resonant networks, and methods for impedance tuning. First, a diode rectifier and a DC-DC converter on the secondary side of the IPT system have been replaced with a semi-bridgeless rectifier with phase-shift (PS) control to reduce the number of power conversion stages [6,12]. In addition, the switches of the semi-bridgeless rectifier have been changed to GaN switches with synchronous rectification control, and maximum efficiency of >93% was achieved [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Control Strategy for Inductive Power Transfer Systems with Primary-Side LCC Network for Load-Average Efficiency Improvement

et al. 2019

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An inductive power transfer (IPT) system has lower peak efficiency and significantly lower load-average efficiency over the entire range of output power than typical power conversion systems because it transmits power wirelessly through magnetically coupled coils. In order to improve the load-average efficiency of the IPT system, this paper proposes an integrated control strategy consisting of full-bridge, phase-shift, and half-bridge control modes. The coupling coefficient and output power conditions for each control mode are theoretically analyzed, and the proposed control algorithm is established. In order to verify the analysis results, a 3.3 kW IPT system prototype is constructed, and it is experimentally verified that the load-average efficiency is improved by up to 3.75% with respect to the output power when using the proposed control scheme. In addition, the proposed control has the additional advantage that it can be directly applied to the existing IPT system without changing or adding hardware.

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Optimizing the Energy Transfer, With a High System Efficiency in Dynamic Inductive Charging of EVs

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Design Optimization of Inductive Power Transfer Systems Considering Bifurcation and Equivalent AC Resistance for Spiral Coils

Design Optimization of Inductive Power Transfer Systems Considering Bifurcation and Equivalent AC Resistance for Spiral Coils

Decarbonisation of Urban Freight Transport Using Electric Vehicles and Opportunity Charging

Integrated Control Strategy for Inductive Power Transfer Systems with Primary-Side LCC Network for Load-Average Efficiency Improvement

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