Optimizing the Live Attenuated Influenza A Vaccine Backbone for High-Risk Patient Groups

Abstract

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a needle-free, mucosal vaccine approved for healthy 2- to 49-year old individuals. Its replicative nature and higher rate of adverse events excludes at-risk populations.

Intranasal VLP-RBD vaccine adjuvanted with BECC470 confers immunity against Delta SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2-mice

“…Intranasal vaccination is an attractive alternate delivery route for its ability to recapitulate natural exposure to or infection with respiratory pathogens, priming the mucosa—a site otherwise difficult to generate adaptive immunity in—to provide protection later when its needed [5] . FluMist Quadrivalent is the only intranasal vaccine currently approved for human use worldwide and its use is restricted to healthy, non-pregnant individuals between the ages of 2 and 49 due to concerns surrounding its potential adverse reactions, immunogenicity in immunocompromised groups and the use of a live-attenuated replicating virus [6] , [7] , [8] . With eight orally administered vaccines (the United States have utilized oral vaccines against rotavirus, polio, and others), this together makes a limited number of vaccines (all of which utilize whole-viruses) that directly target the mucosal arm of the immune system [9] .…”