“…Spectral reflectance describes wavelength-dependent reflectance functions and determines the intrinsic color characteristics of object materials ( Liang and Wan, 2017 ). Spectral matching can successfully predict the color appearance of a scene under arbitrary environmental conditions, which has led to its widespread use in high-fidelity reproduction ( Liu et al, 2019 ), remote sensing ( Lin and Finlayson, 2020 ), cultural heritage ( Liang, 2011 ), medical diagnosis ( Depeursinge et al, 2009 ; Nishidate et al, 2013 ; Xiao et al, 2016 ), etc. ( Wu et al, 2016 ; Jinxing et al, 2022 ).…”