Optimizing the Sustainability of Water Distribution Systems

Dandy, Graeme C.; Bogdanowicz, A.; Craven, John; Maywald, A.; Liu, P.

doi:10.1061/41024(340)24

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Filion et al (2004) assumed a single water main replacement schedule for all pipes; in practice, individual pipes or groups of pipes have different replacement schedules. Dandy et al ( , 2008 were the first to develop a multiobjective optimization algorithm that incorporates objectives of whole-of-life-cycle costs, energy use, GHG emissions, and resource consumption. The optimization algorithm was applied to a real, complex network in Australia.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Research In Network Rehabilitation and Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have incorporated environmental objectives in the water distribution system design and expansion problem mainly to understand the effect of carbon-abatement strategies on design and expansion decisions and on energy use and GHG emissions in networks (Dandy et al , 2008Roshani and Filion 2009;Roshani et al 2012;Wu et al 2008Wu et al , 2010. Hypothetical, simplified networks have been used in most of these studies.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Research In Network Rehabilitation and Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Distribution System Rehabilitation under Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios in Canada

Roshani

Filion

2015

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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Many countries are considering policy instruments such as a carbon tax and economic discounting to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in key sectors like the water sector. This paper examines the impact of economic discounting and a carbon tax on the optimization of water main rehabilitation. A new pipe rehabilitation optimization algorithm that accounts for GHGs was developed and applied to the Fairfield water distribution system in Amherstview, Ontario, Canada. GHG intensity factors for the provinces of Ontario (low-carbon) and Alberta (high-carbon) were applied to the Fairfield network. In both cases, adopting a low discount rate and levying a carbon tax had a weak effect in reducing energy use, GHG emissions, pipe breaks, and leakage. Further, a low discount rate and a carbon tax encouraged the search process to invest in rehabilitation early in the planning period to reduce continuing leakage, pipe repair, energy, and GHG costs.

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Section: Review Of Previous Research In Network Rehabilitation and Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Previous Research In Network Rehabilitation and Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Distribution System Rehabilitation under Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios in Canada

Roshani

Filion

2015

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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“…Dandy et al (2006) carried out a study to evaluate GHG emissions resulting from pipe manufacturing and pumping for the design of a WDS. Similarly, Dandy et al (2008) considered the optimisation of WDSs with objectives that include whole-of-life-cycle costs and embodied energy. Later, Wu et al (2010a) proposed a new paradigm for the design of WDSs under possible future carbon trading schemes where a single and multi-objectives were explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing life-cycle carbon footprint in the (re)design of water distribution systems using water demand management interventions

Basupi

Kapelan

Butler

2013

Urban Water Journal

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Water distribution systems (WDSs) construction, operation and disposal processes contribute to undesirable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG concentration in the atmosphere is strongly associated with global warming and climate change. In order to meet the consequent challenge of limiting GHG emissions, the problem of WDS (re)design is formulated here as a multi-objective optimisation problem. The three objectives are as follows: (1) minimisation of total (re)design cost, (2) maximisation of the WDS resilience and, (3) minimisation of GHGs emissions. In addition to the frequently considered conventional (re)design intervention options (new pipes, pipe duplication or replacement, addition of pumps, tanks, etc.), various water demand management interventions (e.g. water efficient appliances and domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems) are considered here too. A number of different rainwater tank sizes and water saving appliances provided to different parts of the households have been evaluated. This methodology was applied on the New York Tunnels and the Anytown network problems. The output from the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA2) optimisation process is a Pareto front containing optimal solutions traded-off in terms of the three objectives analysed. The results obtained demonstrate that using demand management technologies in the (re)design of WDSs can lead to a similar cost, resilience and GHG emissions but with cost savings. In a pumped WDS where cost savings and GHG emission reduction are relatively significant, demand management technologies led to more cost effective, resilient and climate change mitigating solutions as compared to the conventional (re)design.

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“…This is probably due to a low demand, with larger pipe sizes resulting in a relatively low pump energy usage reduction compared to the increase in construction emissions associated with the additional material required for larger pipes. Dandy et al (2008) (Pr11) used multi-objective optimization to reduce the pipe costs and energy of a gravity fed system. As there was no operational energy expenditure, the lowest energy solution corresponded to the lowest pipe embodied energy solution.…”

Section: Pipe Size Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost–greenhouse gas emission nexus for water distribution systems including the consideration of energy generating infrastructure: an integrated conceptual optimization framework and review of literature

2014

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The increased release of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions associated with human activities causing climate change is one of the most significant problems faced by human-kind. Water distribution systems (WDS), whilst providing an essential service to society, are responsible for the generation of significant amounts of GHGs. In response, the minimization of GHG emissions associated with WDSs has become a research focus. In this paper, a critical review of previous research is provided, summarizing research progress and highlighting research needs in this emergent and important area. This is done within the context of the water distribution system cost-emissions nexus (WCEN) conceptual framework, which is a novel conceptual framework that considers the interaction between all components required to accurately evaluate the costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with water distribution systems (WDSs) in an integrated fashion. Key findings from this review indicate that future research should (1) include the use of time-dependent emissions factors (EFs), which would allow the scheduling of pumps at times of lower emissions intense energy to be considered; (2) include the modeling of seasonally variable water demands; (3) include greater consideration of the hydraulic simulation process, such as using seasonal extended period simulations; (4) include greater consideration of the management of pumping operations at the design stage, instead of solely focusing on changes in infrastructure design to reduce costs and GHG emissions; (5) include consideration of the effects that external policies, such as carbon taxes and present value discounting, have on the trade-offs between costs and GHG emissions.

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Optimizing the Sustainability of Water Distribution Systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Water Distribution System Rehabilitation under Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios in Canada

Water Distribution System Rehabilitation under Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios in Canada

Reducing life-cycle carbon footprint in the (re)design of water distribution systems using water demand management interventions

The cost–greenhouse gas emission nexus for water distribution systems including the consideration of energy generating infrastructure: an integrated conceptual optimization framework and review of literature

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