Optimizing Ultraviolet Illumination for Detecting Fluorescent Orthodontic Adhesive Residues during Debonding Procedures

Abstract

Background: Fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) studies for orthodontic resins are relatively new, using an arbitrary selection of resins, lights, and work parameters. In order to provide FIT guidelines for optimal visualization, the objectives of this study were to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of fluorescent orthodontic resins, determine appropriate light specification, and describe light and work parameter effects on resin fluorescence. Methods: This in vitro study assessed five fluorescent orthodontic resins and a non-fluorescent control resin using spectrophotometry, a scaled image analysis of 25 μm thick resins to compare intensities, and a visual assessment. Light sources varied by flashlight lens (narrow [N], average [X], and magnified [Z]) and UV intensity (X and X High). Work parameters included distance (20–300 mm) and angulation (15–70°). Visual scores were assigned to determine discernibility. Results: The average excitation maxima was 384 nm. Fluorescence increased with more direct UV light exposure. The highest intensity was recorded with Light X High at 50 mm and 70°. Visual assessment followed image analysis trends, and fluorescence was clinically discernable for all 25 μm thick samples. Conclusions: Excitation wavelength range of 395–405 nm is appropriate for FIT illumination. All resins were anisotropic and showed greater fluorescence with greater angle, higher UV intensity, and closer proximity.