Optimum cutoff points for biochemical validation of smoking status.

Cummings, Steven R.; Richard, Robert J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.78.5.574

Cited by 145 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During follow-up, biochemical measures were obtained in person only from participants reporting 7-day abstinence. Abstinence was confirmed by a combination of CO ≤ 10 ppm and cotinine ≤ 15 ng/ml (Cummings & Richard, 1988;SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification, 2002). In those few cases where biochemical verification could not be obtained (8.2%), self-reported abstinence was verified through interview with a significant other.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bupropion and cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation

Brown

Niaura

Lloyd-Richardson

et al. 2007

Nicotine & Tobacco Res.

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This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examining the effects of an intensive cognitive-behavioral mood management treatment (CBTD) and of bupropion, both singularly and in combination, on smoking cessation in adult smokers. As an extension of our previous work, we planned to examine the synergistic effects of CBTD and bupropion on smoking cessation outcomes in general and among smokers with depression vulnerability factors. Participants were 524 smokers (47.5% female, M age =44.27 years) who were randomized to one of four 12-week treatments: (a) standard, cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment (ST) plus bupropion (BUP), (b) ST plus placebo (PLAC), (c) standard cessation treatment combined with cognitivebehavioral treatment for depression (CBTD) plus BUP, and (d) CBTD plus PLAC. Follow-up assessments were conducted 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and self-reported abstinence was verified biochemically. Consistent with previous studies, bupropion, in comparison with placebo, resulted in better smoking outcomes in both intensive group treatments. Adding CBTD to standard intensive group treatment did not result in improved smoking cessation outcomes. In addition, neither CBTD nor bupropion, either alone or in combination, was differentially effective for smokers with single-past-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), recurrent MDD, or elevated depressive symptoms. However, findings with regard to recurrent MDD and elevated depressive symptoms should be interpreted with caution given the low rate of recurrent MDD and the low level of depressive symptoms in our sample. An a priori test of treatment effects in smokers with these depression vulnerability factors is warranted in future clinical trials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bupropion and cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation

Brown

Niaura

Lloyd-Richardson

et al. 2007

Nicotine & Tobacco Res.

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“…Of the 20,050 adult participants, I excluded 4,990 persons who indicated current smoking and an additional 3,639 subjects who did not undergo spirometry, had unreliable spirometry results, or were missing serum cotinine measurements. I excluded another 840 subjects who had serum cotinine levels of ≥ 14 ng/mL, suggesting active current personal smoking (13,14). The present study sample includes 10,581 adult nonsmokers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(21). Previous research indicates that serum cotinine levels of ≥ 14 ng/mL are most consistent with personal smoking (13,14), so subjects who indicated no current smoking but had serum cotinine levels greater than this level were reclassified as current smokers and excluded from analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and pulmonary function among adults in NHANES III: impact on the general population and adults with current asthma.

Eisner

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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The impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on adult pulmonary function has not been clearly determined. Because adults with asthma have chronic airway inflammation, they may be a particularly susceptible group. Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), I examined the cross-sectional relationship between serum cotinine, a biomarker of ETS exposure, and pulmonary function among 10,581 adult nonsmokers and 440 nonsmoking adults with asthma whose cotinine and spirometry data were available. I generated residuals, which are observed minus predicted values (based on Crapo equations), for forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio to adjust for age, sex, and height. In addition, I used multivariate linear regression to control for sociodemographic characteristics and previous smoking history. Most adults with and without asthma had detectable serum cotinine levels, indicating recent ETS exposure (85.7% and 83.4%, respectively). Among nonsmoking male participants, I found no evidence that ETS exposure was related to decreased pulmonary function. In the nonsmoking female stratum, the highest cotinine tertile was associated with a lower FEV1 [-100 mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), -143 to -56 mL], FVC (-119 mL; 95% CI, -168 to -69 mL), and FEV1/FVC ratio (-1.77%; 95% CI, -2.18% to -1.36%). Among women with asthma, the highest cotinine tertile was also associated with decreased FEV1 (-261 mL; 95% CI, -492 to -30 mL), FVC (-291 mL; 95% CI, -601 to 20 mL), and FEV1/FVC ratio (-1.6%; 95% CI, -3.3% to 0.19%). In conclusion, ETS exposure is associated with decreased pulmonary function in adult females, especially those with asthma. This analysis should provide further impetus for public policies that promote smoke-free environments.

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“…68,69 A cut off of 14 ng/mL or 15 ng/mL in plasma and 50 ng/mL in saliva have been used in differentiating smokers from non-smokers in general population. 65,70 Salivary cotinine, measured by gas chromatography method, showed 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity in determining the smoking status among smokers and nonsmokers. The salivary cotinine confirmed smoking cessation (quitters) in 55% of the past smokers.…”

Section: Yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current research on cigarette toxicity: critical appraisal in view of clinical laboratory

Gyawali

Oguoma

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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Optimum cutoff points for biochemical validation of smoking status.

Cited by 145 publications

References 12 publications

Bupropion and cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation

Bupropion and cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and pulmonary function among adults in NHANES III: impact on the general population and adults with current asthma.

Current research on cigarette toxicity: critical appraisal in view of clinical laboratory

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