Optimum design of combined footings using swarm intelligence-based algorithms

Kashani, Ali R.; Camp, Charles V.; Akhani, Mohsen; Ebrahimi, Saman

doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2022.103140

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…f. When the column is located in the center of the footing, then ex = 0 and ey = 0 are substituted into Equation (13) and 𝑀 = − 𝑃 ℎ + 2𝑀 (2ℎ + 𝑐 ) (ℎ − 𝑐 ) 8ℎ ⁄ is obtained. When the column is located in the center of the footing, then ex = 0 and ey = 0 are substituted into Equation (15) and 𝑀 = − 𝑃 ℎ − 2𝑀 (2ℎ − 𝑐 ) (ℎ − 𝑐 ) 8ℎ ⁄ is obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al-Ansari and Afzal [12] presented a simplified analysis for the design of irregularly shaped reinforced concrete footings with an eccentric load subject to biaxial bending that support a square column, the shapes of the footings studied are: square, triangular, circular, and trapezoidal. Kashani et al [13] studied the optimal design of reinforced concrete combined footings according to the American Concrete Institute ACI 318-05, using five swarm intelligence algorithms such as: particle swarm optimization (PSO), accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), ant lion optimizer (ALO), and moth flame optimization (MFO). Nigdeli and Bekdas [14] investigated the orientation of the column mounted on the footings using the optimal design based harmony search algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimum Cost Design for Rectangular Isolated Footings Taking into Account That the Column Is Located in Any Part of the Footing

Luévanos-Rojas

2023

Preprint

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This work presents a new model to obtain the minimum cost design for a rectangular isolated footing, taking into account that the column is located in any part of the footing. The methodology is developed by integration to obtain the moments, bending shear and punching shear according to the American Concrete Institute ACI 318-14. This document presents the simplified and precise equations of the four moments, four bending shears and one punching shear acting on the footing. Some designs have been developed by the trial and error method to determine the footing dimensions, and later the thickness and steel area of the footing are obtained. Some authors present the minimum cost design for a rectangular isolated footing taking into account that the column is located in the center of gravity of the footing, and other authors present very complex algorithm. Numerical examples are presented to obtain the minimum cost design of rectangular isolated footings under biaxial bending, and some results are compared with those of other authors considering the same conditions. The new model presents a smaller contact area with the soil and a lower design cost than those presented by other authors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum Cost Design for Rectangular Isolated Footings Taking into Account That the Column Is Located in Any Part of the Footing

Luévanos-Rojas

2023

Preprint

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“…Some researchers have presented optimization based on a practical tool called metaheuristic [34,35], other researchers have taking into account the eccentricity in the footings [36][37][38], including for circular isolated footings subjected to generalized loadings using the sequential unconstrained minimization technique [39]. Other researchers have proposed models for the lowest cost design for rectangular combined footings using the modified complex box method [40], using algorithms based on swarm intelligence [41] and, for trapezoidal combined footings, using nonlinear programming methods [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of the Optimal Cost for the Design of Strap Combined Footings

Luévanos-Rojas,

Santiago-Hurtado,

Moreno-Landeros

et al. 2024

Mathematics

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This paper presents a novel mathematical model to determine the minimum cost for the design of reinforced-concrete strap combined footings under biaxial bending, with each column using a genetic algorithm. The pressure is assumed to be linearly distributed along the contact area. This study comprises two steps: firstly, identifying the smallest ground contact area, and secondly, minimizing the cost. The methodology integrates moment, bending shear, and punching shear calculations according to the ACI standard. Some authors present a smaller area (but limited to one or two property lines) and the design considers that the thickness of the footings and beam are equal, and do not show the lower cost of a strap combined footing; generally, the beam has a greater thickness than the footings and therefore the footings would have an unnecessary thickness that would generate a higher cost. A numerical example is shown to find the lowest cost for the design of strap combined footings considering four different conditions such as square footings and other limitation at the ends of the footings. The minimum area does not guarantee that it is the lowest cost. The proposed model is versatile, applicable to T-shaped and rectangular combined footings, and is not restricted to specific property lines. The contributions include eliminating trial and error practices, accommodating various design conditions, and emphasizing equilibrium in the derived equations. The model is adaptable to different building codes, offering a comprehensive approach to achieving optimal design and cost considerations for strap combined footings.

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“…The improvement of soft computing applications such as artificial intelligence (AI) has recently encouraged researchers to adopt it to study various engineering problems [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. One of the AI applications is deep learning (DL), as shown in Figure (1) [27], and is established on the algorithms created and inspired by the biological neuron system of humans to calculate or approximate functions by solving many inputs into a target output [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of daily groundwater level using deep learning neural networks

Othman

2023

Turkish Journal of Engineering

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Groundwater is an essential water source, becoming more vital due to shortages in available surface water resources. Hence, monitoring groundwater levels can show the amount of water available to extract and use for various purposes. However, the groundwater system is naturally complex, and we need models to simulate it. Therefore, we employed a deep learning model called CNN-biLSTM neural networks for modeling grounding, and the data was obtained from USGS. The data included daily groundwater levels from 2002 to 2021, and the data was divided into 95% for training and 5% for teasing. Besides, three deep CNN-biLSTM models were employed using three different algorithms (SGDM, ADAM, and RMSprop. Also, Bayesian optimization was used to optimize parameters such as the number of biLSTM layers and the number of biLSTM units. The model's performance was based on Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation (r), and the model with SGDM showed the best results compared to other models in this study. Finally, the CNN model with LSTM can simulate time series data effectively.

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Optimum design of combined footings using swarm intelligence-based algorithms

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Minimum Cost Design for Rectangular Isolated Footings Taking into Account That the Column Is Located in Any Part of the Footing

Minimum Cost Design for Rectangular Isolated Footings Taking into Account That the Column Is Located in Any Part of the Footing

Mathematical Modeling of the Optimal Cost for the Design of Strap Combined Footings

Modeling of daily groundwater level using deep learning neural networks

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