Optimum dietary phosphorus level of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus reared in the recirculating system

Abstract

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary phosphorus level of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus reared in the recirculating system. The basal diet containing 0.33% total phosphorus (TP) was supplemented with NaH 2 PO 4 ·H 2 O to provide 0.33, 0.51, 0.71, 0.94, 1.10 and 2.12% TP for the experimental diets. Fish averaging 2.0 ± 0.04 g (mean ± SD) were fed in triplicate groups with the experimental diets for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, fish fed the 0.51% TP diet showed significantly higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the 0.33% and 2.12% TP diets ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no difference was observed in WG, FE, SGR and PER of fish fed the 0.51, 0.71, 0.94 and 1.10% TP diets. Fish fed the 0.33% TP diet showed phosphorus deficiency symptoms such as poor growth and a deformed head by the end of 8 weeks. Ash and phosphorus contents of bone increased with the increase of dietary phosphorus concentrations. ANOVA test, the quadratic regression analysis, and the broken line analysis suggested that the optimum dietary phosphorus level could be between 0.45 and 0.51% TP for maximum WG in juvenile Japanese flounder.

Dietary total phosphorus requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

“…The lower growth rate and feed utilization under phosphorus-deficient conditions may be due to insufficient phosphorus being available for growth after being utilized for physiological processes (Brown et al 1993). Several researchers reported depressed appetite as a result of dietary phosphorus deficiency in some fish species (Wang et al 2005). Low dietary phosphorus level also resulted in bone deformities (Baeverfjord et al 1998;Roy and Lall 2003;Wang et al 2005) and higher mortality (Baeverfjord et al 1998;Borlongan and Satoh 2001;Oliva-Teles and PimentelRodrigues 2004), which were absent in the present study.…”

“…Several researchers reported depressed appetite as a result of dietary phosphorus deficiency in some fish species (Wang et al 2005). Low dietary phosphorus level also resulted in bone deformities (Baeverfjord et al 1998;Roy and Lall 2003;Wang et al 2005) and higher mortality (Baeverfjord et al 1998;Borlongan and Satoh 2001;Oliva-Teles and PimentelRodrigues 2004), which were absent in the present study. Several factors including age, stage of development, diet composition, duration of experiment, health and rearing condition may be attributable to these differences in different experiments.…”

“…A high phosphorus diet may chelate zinc and other trace elements and reduce their absorption and metabolism in fish (Lall 2002;Vielma et al 2002), which resulted in reduced growth. In the present study, based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis of SGR against dietary phosphorus level, optimal dietary total phosphorus requirement for maximum growth performance was determined to be 0.89%, which was higher than those reported in several fish species, such as sunshine bass (0.41%, Brown et al 1993), mirror carp (0.67%, Kim et al 1998), European whitefish (0.62%; Vielma et al 2002), haddock (0.72%, Roy and Lall 2003), Japanese flounder (0.45-0.51%, Wang et al 2005), Japanese seabass (0.70%, Zhang et al 2006) and large yellow croaker (0.68%; Mai et al 2006), but relatively close to the requirement for Atlantic salmon (0.9%, Asgard and Shearer 1997), cobia (0.86%, Zhou et al 2004). The difference is probably due to a number of factors, including fish species, form of phosphorus (particularly relating to solubility), fish size, Values are mean ± SD of three replicates, and values within the same row with different letters are significantly different at P \ 0.05; CF (condition factor) = 100 9 (live weight, g)/(body length, cm) 3 ; VSI (viscerosomatic index) = 100 9 (viscera weight)/(body weight); HSI (hepatosomatic index) = liver weight 9 100/body weight Fig.…”

Optimization of phosphorus content in high plant protein practical diets for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis,Kaup 1858) juveniles: influence on growth performance and composition of whole body and vertebrae

“…In flatfish species, a significantly lower weight gain and depressed appetite was reported in Japanese flounder juveniles fed a dietary total P level of 3.3 g kg −1 diet (Wang et al . ). Similarly, growth impairment was reported in several pelagic fish: dietary total P levels of 8.6, 7.3, 5.7 and 1.5 g kg −1 diet caused a decline in the growth of Japanese sea bass, milkfish, sea bream and striped bass juveniles, respectively (Dougall et al .…”

Influence of dietary phosphorus on mineralization and morphology of Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla) fingerlings

“…Cranial deformities have been reported in Malabar grouper (E. malabaricus) (Cheng et al 2005), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Wang et al 2005) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Murakami 1972cited in Sugiura et al 2004). Deformities of the vertebral column such as lordosis and scoliosis under conditions of phosphorus deficiency have been reported previously in different species viz., Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Baeverfjord et al 1998), common carp (C. carpio) (Murakami 1972 cited in Sugiura et al 2004;Ogino and Takeda 1976) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (Dougall et al 1996).…”