Optimum dimensions of shaped steam reforming catalysts

Kagyrmanova, A.P.; Zolotarskii, I.A.; Smirnov, E. I.; Vernikovskaya, N.V.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.035

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…More recently, the Bauer–Schlünder equation has been extended to beds packed with holed particles of different shapes (Smirnov et al, 2004; Kagyrmanova et al, 2007). Such catalysts using more sophisticated shapes are widely used for commercial steam reforming of natural gas.…”

Section: Effective Radial Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method led to the following equation: in which ε bed was the bed void fraction without accounting for the void fraction of pellets, and ε hole was the void fraction of a single pellet. The equation was favourably compared to data for cylinders, rings, 6‐holed wheels, 4‐holed pellets and 52‐holed blocks (Smirnov et al, 2004) and simulations using it were performed to study optimal catalyst dimensions using 3‐holed pellets and raschig rings (Kagyrmanova et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effective Radial Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small angle X‐ray scattering as a complementary tool for high‐throughput structural studies

et al. 2011

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Structural crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are the predominant techniques for understanding the biological world on a molecular level. Crystallography is constrained by the ability to form a crystal that diffracts well and NMR is constrained to smaller proteins. While powerful techniques they leave many soluble, purified protein samples structurally uncharacterized. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a solution technique that provides data on the size and multiple conformations of a sample, and can be used to reconstruct a low resolution molecular envelope of a macromolecule. In this study SAXS has been used in a high-throughput manner on a subset of 28 proteins where structural information is available from crystallographic and/or NMR techniques. These crystallographic and NMR structures were used to validate the accuracy of molecular envelopes reconstructed from SAXS data on a statistical level, to compare and highlight complementary structural information that SAXS provides, and to leverage biological information derived by crystallographers and spectroscopists from their structures. All of the ab initio molecular envelopes calculated from the SAXS data agree well with the available structural information. SAXS is a powerful albeit low-resolution technique that can provide additional structural information in a high-throughput and complementary manner to improve the functional interpretation of high-resolution structures.

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Section: Effective Radial Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effective Radial Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Small angle X‐ray scattering as a complementary tool for high‐throughput structural studies

et al. 2011

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“…This can be further increased by 16% if cross web cylinders are used. For steam reforming Kagyrmanova et al found in their theoretical optimization study that catalyst height and diameter have an opposed effect on conversion when holed cylinders are used. They propose particles with a high aspect ratio (( h / d p ) ≈ 1.5) and a low diameter by considering the resulting pressure drop as limiting factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of pressure drop prediction and bed generation of fixed‐beds with complex particle shapes using discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics

et al. 2020

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Catalytic fixed-bed reactors with a low tube-to-particle diameter ratio are widely used in industrial applications. The heterogeneous packing morphology in this reactor type causes local flow phenomena that significantly affect the reactor performance.Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics has become a predictive numerical method to analyze the flow, temperature, and species field, as well as local reaction rates spatially and may, therefore, be used as a design tool to develop new improved catalyst shapes. Most validation studies which have been presented in the past were limited to simple particle shapes. More complex catalyst shapes are supposed to increase the reactor performance. A workflow for the simulation of fixed-bed reactors filled with various industrially relevant complex particle shapes is presented and validated against experimental data in terms of bed voidage and pressure drop. Industrially relevant loading strategies are numerically replicated and their impact on particle orientation and bed voidage is investigated. K E Y W O R D Sbed voidage, fixed-bed reactor, numerical modeling, particle orientation, pressure drop

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“…These aforementioned works 4,5,14,6‐13 prove that optimizing pore and pellet can significantly improve the overall performance of an industrial catalyst. Nevertheless, these optimizations were performed at single catalyst pellet level with fixed conditions on the external surface of a catalyst pellet (see Figure 1(A)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In industry, the catalyst pellet size cannot be reduced at will, and the choice of pellet size is usually based on the trade‐off between apparent catalyst activity and reactor pressure drop, especially for the pellets used in packed bed reactors. However, there is much room to design catalyst pellet shape 10‐14 . For example, Ye et al 13 reported the effect of catalyst pellet shape on the performance of a Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst for benzene hydrogenation, and they found that the effectiveness factor of a Raschig ring pellet can be 17% higher than that of a spherical pellet with the same catalyst volume for both pellets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing catalyst supports at single catalyst pellet and packed bed reactor levels: A comparison study

et al. 2021

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Using a catalyst support with optimal pore network and pellet structures is critical to the success of an industrial heterogeneous catalyst. This work optimizes the catalyst support of a dry reforming of methane catalyst at packed bed reactor level, that is, effects of concentration and temperature gradients in the reactor are accounted for. Meanwhile, the optimization at reactor level is also compared with that at single catalyst pellet level where fixed concentrations and temperature are imposed on the pellet surface. Results show that the optimal structures obtained at pellet level are similar to these acquired at reactor level, but the improvements in catalyst performance calculated at pellet level are overestimated. Therefore, when designing an industrial catalyst pellet, the preferred structures can be obtained from the optimization at pellet level, but the corresponding improvements in catalyst performance should be evaluated at reactor level to reflect the reality in industry.

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Optimum dimensions of shaped steam reforming catalysts

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Small angle X‐ray scattering as a complementary tool for high‐throughput structural studies

Small angle X‐ray scattering as a complementary tool for high‐throughput structural studies

Validation of pressure drop prediction and bed generation of fixed‐beds with complex particle shapes using discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics

Optimizing catalyst supports at single catalyst pellet and packed bed reactor levels: A comparison study

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