Optimum leaf defoliation: A new agronomic approach for increasing nutrient uptake and land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system

Raza, Muhammad Ali; Ling, Feng; Werf, Wopke Van der; Iqbal, Nasır; Khan, İmran; Hassan, Muhammad Jawad; Ansar, Muhammad; Chen, Yuan Kai; Zeng, Xi; Shi, Jian; Ahmed, Mukhtar; Yang, Feng; Yang, Wenyu

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107647

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It improved the initial growth and development of relay-cropped soybean in MSR, demonstrating the enhanced competitive ability of soybean by maintaining the competitive ability of maize in T 2 than T 1 and T 3 treatments. This improved ability could help soybean to reduce the adverse impacts of interspecific competition for light 23 , water 4 , and nutrients 19 in MSR. For instance, Raza et al (2019) estimated that soybean accumulated 26% higher total major-nutrients in the medium inter-row spacing system than the narrow inter-row spacing system of MSR, explaining the reason for the soybean yield gain of the T 2 system over T 1 system 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is an increasing interest from researchers and policymakers for including legumes (crops which can fix atmospheric nitrogen such as soybean) in the current cropping systems to reduce external inputs and boost natural fixation of nitrogen 17 , 18 . Such advantages of cereal-legume intercropping can be achieved through a maize/soybean relay intercropping system, especially in those areas where the growing season is too short for double cropping 19 . The maize/soybean relay intercropping system (MSR) is the best intercropping system in yield stability 20 , resource utilization 21 , and economic profit 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Raza

Cui

Qin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Maize/soybean relay intercropping system (MSR) is a popular cultivation method to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, in MSR, the effects of different strip widths on competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species are still unclear. Therefore, in a two-year field experiment, soybean was relay-intercropped with maize in three different strip-width arrangements (narrow-strips, 180 cm; medium-strips, 200 cm; and wide-strips, 220 cm), and all intercropping results were compared with sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS). Results showed that the optimum strip-width for obtaining high grain yields of maize and soybean was 200 cm (medium-strips), which improved the competitive-ability of soybean by maintaining the competitive-ability of maize in MSR. On average, maize and soybean produced 98% and 77% of SM and SS yield, respectively, in medium-strips. The improved grain yields of intercrop species in medium-strips increased the total grain yield of MSR by 15% and land equivalent ratio by 22%, which enhanced the net-income of medium-strips (by 99%, from 620 US $ ha−1 in wide-strips to 1233 US $ ha−1 in medium-strips). Overall, these findings imply that following the optimum strip-width in MSR, i. e., strip-width of 200 cm, grain yields, and competitive interactions of intercrop species can be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Raza

Cui

Qin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Nevertheless, optimum planting geometry could improve resource use efficiencies in crops through proper crop phenology, producing more leaf area and ultimately more favorable yield components and yield in cereal crops in all climatic conditions 251,252 . Planting geometry affects solar radiation interception, canopy coverage, crop growth rate and biomass accumulation 215,[253][254][255][256][257][258] . Furthermore, with optimum planting geometry, total dry matter production and ultimately grain yield increase was mainly due to more photo-assimilates 252 .…”

Section: Adaptation Strategies In Response To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The fingerprints of climate warming on cereal crops phenology and adaptation options

Fatima

Ahmed

Hussain

et al. 2020

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204

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Growth and development of cereal crops are linked to weather, day length and growing degree-days (GDDs) which make them responsive to the specific environments in specific seasons. Global temperature is rising due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and clearance of woodlands for building construction. The rise in temperature disrupts crop growth and development. Disturbance mainly causes a shift in phenological development of crops and affects their economic yield. Scientists and farmers adapt to these phenological shifts, in part, by changing sowing time and cultivar shifts which may increase or decrease crop growth duration. Nonetheless, climate warming is a global phenomenon and cannot be avoided. In this scenario, food security can be ensured by improving cereal production through agronomic management, breeding of climate-adapted genotypes and increasing genetic biodiversity. In this review, climate warming, its impact and consequences are discussed with reference to their influences on phenological shifts. Furthermore, how different cereal crops adapt to climate warming by regulating their phenological development is elaborated. Based on the above mentioned discussion, different management strategies to cope with climate warming are suggested.

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“…In practice, two or more crops grow in proximity in the same field during intercropping, forming a typical wide-narrow row in crop field planting [28][29][30]. The most common example of such cropping patterns is maize-soybean relay strip intercropping (MSR), which is being practiced worldwide [31][32][33]. Moreover, there is a growing interest of researchers to explore the heterogeneous light conditions (one side leaves in high light, and the other side leaves under low light) for the same plant in border-row crops in MSR [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears

Chen

Shi

et al. 2020

Plants

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The border row crop in strip intercropped maize is often exposed to heterogeneous light conditions, resulting in increased photosynthesis and yield decreased. Previous studies have focused on photosynthetic productivity, whereas carbon allocation could also be one of the major causes of decreased yield. However, carbon distribution remains unclear in partially shaded conditions. In the present study, we applied heterogeneous light conditions (T), and one side of plants was shaded (T-30%), keeping the other side fully exposed to light (T-100%), as compared to control plants that were exposed entirely to full-light (CK). Dry weight, carbon assimilation, 13C abundance, and transport tissue structure were analyzed to clarify the carbon distribution in partial shading of plants. T caused a marked decline in dry weight and harvest index (HI), whereas dry weight in unshaded and shaded leaves did not differ. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase enzymes (SPS), and sucrose concentration increased in unshaded leaves. Appropriately, 5.7% of the 13C from unshaded leaves was transferred to shaded leaves. Furthermore, plasmodesma density in the unshaded (T-100%) and shaded (T-30%) leaves in T was not significantly different but was lower than that of CK. Similarly, the vascular bundle total area of T was decreased. 13C transfer from unshaded leaves to ear in T was decreased by 18.0% compared with that in CK. Moreover, 13C and sucrose concentration of stem in T were higher than those in CK. Our results suggested that, under heterogeneous light, shaded leaves as a sink imported the carbohydrates from the unshaded leaves. Ear and shaded leaf competed for carbohydrates, and were not conducive to tissue structure of sucrose transport, resulting in a decrease in the carbon proportion in the ear, harvest index, and ear weight.

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Optimum leaf defoliation: A new agronomic approach for increasing nutrient uptake and land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system

Cited by 56 publications

References 58 publications

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

The fingerprints of climate warming on cereal crops phenology and adaptation options

Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears

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