Abstract:Nowadays, oil companies employ nanofluid flooding to increase oil production from oil reservoirs. Herein the present work, a multiphase flow in porous media was used to simulate oil extraction from a three-dimensional porous medium filled with oil. Interestingly, the finite element method was used to solve the nonlinear partial differential equations of continuity, energy, Darcy’s law, and the transport of nanoparticles (NPs). The proposed model used nanofluids (NFs) empirical formulas for density and viscosit… Show more
“…Geometry is used in nanoflooding for oil recovery by considering the size and form of nanoparticles, understanding the geometry of porous media, optimizing injection patterns and well placement, and analyzing capillary and interfacial forces. By combining 3D complex geometry with effective nanoflooding technologies, oil recovery from reservoirs can be improved [ 1 , 11 , 45 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Typically, primary and secondary recovery technologies can only extract 20 –40% of the oil from a reservoir. Nevertheless, EOR can extract 30–60% of the oil from a reservoir [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. It is also noted that the finding of new oil with maximum capacity has been very difficult in the last 10 years, and the demand for oil is increasing every day, so there is a need to invent new methods or use new technologies in EOR to extract full oil from the existing reservoirs.…”
“…Geometry is used in nanoflooding for oil recovery by considering the size and form of nanoparticles, understanding the geometry of porous media, optimizing injection patterns and well placement, and analyzing capillary and interfacial forces. By combining 3D complex geometry with effective nanoflooding technologies, oil recovery from reservoirs can be improved [ 1 , 11 , 45 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Typically, primary and secondary recovery technologies can only extract 20–40% of the oil from a reservoir. Nevertheless, EOR can extract 30–60% of the oil from a reservoir [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. It is also noted that the finding of new oil with maximum capacity has been very difficult in the last 10 years, and the demand for oil is increasing every day, so there is a need to invent new methods or use new technologies in EOR to extract full oil from the existing reservoirs.…”
“…Li et al [ 18 ] have investigated the heat transfer enhancement mechanism of nanofluids in a microchannel with non-uniform cavities in terms of the coupling effect of thermal boundary layer thickness, perturbation, and axial thermal conduction. Researchers [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] have used nanofluid transport cavities for an oil recovery application.…”
Nanofluids and nanotechnology are very important in enhancing heat transfer due to the thermal conductivity of their nanoparticles, which play a vital role in heat transfer applications. Researchers have used cavities filled with nanofluids for two decades to increase the heat-transfer rate. This review also highlights a variety of theoretical and experimentally measured cavities by exploring the following parameters: the significance of cavities in nanofluids, the effects of nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle material, the influence of the inclination angle of cavities, heater and cooler effects, and magnetic field effects in cavities. The different shapes of the cavities have several advantages in multiple applications, e.g., L-shaped cavities used in the cooling systems of nuclear and chemical reactors and electronic components. Open cavities such as ellipsoidal, triangular, trapezoidal, and hexagonal are applied in electronic equipment cooling, building heating and cooling, and automotive applications. Appropriate cavity design conserves energy and produces attractive heat-transfer rates. Circular microchannel heat exchangers perform best. Despite the high performance of circular cavities in micro heat exchangers, square cavities have more applications. The use of nanofluids has been found to improve thermal performance in all the cavities studied. According to the experimental data, nanofluid use has been proven to be a dependable solution for enhancing thermal efficiency. To improve performance, it is suggested that research focus on different shapes of nanoparticles less than 10 nm with the same design of the cavities in microchannel heat exchangers and solar collectors.
“…The EOR technology to mobilize trapped oil and can be classified as chemical EOR, thermal EOR, gas EOR and others. Chemical EOR processes involve different mechanisms, including surface wettability alteration, 1,6 reduction of oil–water interfacial tension (IFT), 6,9‐11 microbes reactions, 12‐14 and mobility control by polymer/additives, 15‐20 which have been successfully used at the field scale but still suffer many problems such as reliability, scalability and long‐term stability.…”
With the growing demand for energy supply and the natural decline of oil reservoirs, the development of new enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques become more and more critical. Polymer flooding EOR is one of the most successful chemical EOR methods but suffers many drawbacks at high temperatures and high salinity (HT‐HS) conditions. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently investigated for subsurface applications, including in EOR, due to their unique physicochemical properties. Their applicability under harsh reservoir conditions, however, is yet to be examined. In this work, a novel approach is developed to synthesize superparamagnetic Fe3O4 (NPs) with unique surface functionalization (SMag‐NPs) and to form stable polyacrylamide (PAM) dispersions (SMag‐NPs‐PAM). Both stability and core flooding experiment results demonstrate the promising future of the new dispersion. The SMag‐NPs‐PAM dispersion is not only stable at HT‐HS conditions, but also show excellent EOR capability at HT‐HS by recovering, 61.72% of the initial oil quantity, which is significantly higher than those from conventinal NPs‐PAM disperison and pure PAM fluid. These findings show the promising application potential of SMag‐NPs‐PAM for improving oil recovery in challenging HT‐HS reservoir conditions.
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