Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Balwinder-Singh,; Humphreys, E.; Yadav, Sudhir; Gaydon, Donald S.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2014.11.018

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[72,73], Brazil [32], Nigeria [74], Burkina Faso [75], Tanzania [74], South Africa [74,76], Zimbabwe [77], Egypt [78], Hungary [79], Syria [80], Lebanon [81], Nepal [69], Iran [82] Reduces the effects of yield loss due to temporal rainfall variability Timing of the start of planting dates…”

Section: Roles Of Crop Upgrading Strategies For Cereal Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Upgrading Strategies and Modelling for Rainfed Cereals in a Semi-Arid Climate—A Review

Silungwe

Graef

Bellingrath-Kimura

et al. 2018

Water

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Spatiotemporal rainfall variability and low soil fertility are the primary crop production challenges facing poor farmers in semi-arid environments. However, there are few solutions for addressing these challenges. The literature provides several crop upgrading strategies (UPS) for improving crop yields, and biophysical models are used to simulate these strategies. However, the suitability of UPS is limited by systemization of their areas of application and the need to cope with the challenges faced by poor farmers. In this study, we reviewed 187 papers from peer-reviewed journals, conferences and reports that discuss UPS suitable for cereals and biophysical models used to assist in the selection of UPS in semi-arid areas. We found that four UPS were the most suitable, namely tied ridges, microdose fertilization, varying sowing dates, and field scattering. The DSSAT, APSIM and AquaCrop models adequately simulate these UPS. This work provides a systemization of crop UPS and models in semi-arid areas that can be applied by scientists and planners.

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Section: Roles Of Crop Upgrading Strategies For Cereal Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Upgrading Strategies and Modelling for Rainfed Cereals in a Semi-Arid Climate—A Review

Silungwe

Graef

Bellingrath-Kimura

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Performance of the conventional and CA systems was compared in terms of grain yield of individual crops, total system yield (rice equivalent yield), components of the water balance, and water productivity, as outlined in Part 1 (Balwinder-Singh et al, 2014). An overview of APSIM v.7.3 and its parameterisation and evaluation for the rice-wheat system of north west India are also provided in Part 1, with modifications for the CA systems as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulations were performed using 40 years of daily weather data from the meteorological station at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana. Rice equivalent yield was determined based on the prices paid to farmers for each commodity (grain), as described in Part 1 (Balwinder-Singh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) Recommended farmer practice using conventional tillage and crop establishment (rFP): PTR-CTW-fallow, with no residue retention, as described by Balwinder-Singh et al (2014). (ii) Recommended farmer practice as in (i), but with ZT relay sown mungbean replacing the long fallow between wheat harvest and rice planting (rFP + mung): PTR-CTW-ZTmung.…”

Section: Cropping System Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superimposed on this, are the effects of variation in rice variety duration and sowing date, and in seasonal weather conditions. In Part 1, Balwinder-Singh et al (2014) showed that changing from a long duration to a short duration rice variety greatly reduced ET and irrigation input to a rice-wheat system with conventional farmer crop establishment. However, this came at the expense of total system rice equivalent yield of about 2.5 t ha −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 2. Is conservation agriculture the answer?

Balwinder-Singh

Humphreys

Gaydon

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

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a b s t r a c tThe irrigated rice-wheat system of north west India is not sustainable, as currently practised, due to over-exploitation of groundwater, soil degradation, labour scarcity, high fuel and labour costs, and air pollution from stubble burning. Labour and water scarcity are driving farmers to change from puddling and manual transplanting of rice to mechanised dry seeding. The introduction of dry seeding to the rice-wheat system brings with it the potential to adopt conservation agriculture (CA), with reduced or zero tillage for all crops, and surface residue retention. This would further reduce fuel and labour costs for crop establishment, and air pollution, and also bring benefits for soil structure and nutrient cycling. However, whether conversion to CA rice-wheat systems would help solve the problem of groundwater depletion is less well-understood. In this region, evapotranspiration (ET) must be reduced to reduce groundwater depletion. We used the APSIM cropping system model to examine whether conversion from recommended farmer practice (rFP, comprising puddled transplanted rice, alternate wetting and drying rice water management, rice straw removal, tillage for wheat) to a CA rice-wheat system would reduce ET in Punjab, north west India. We also used the model to identify the optimum system management taking into account effects on total cropping system rice equivalent yield (REY), components of the water balance and water productivity. Maximum REY (mean 14.6 t ha −1 ) occurred in systems with 5 June sowing of a popular long duration rice variety, with similar yield for rFP and CA. Irrigation input with CA was much lower (by 390 mm) than with rFP, resulting in slightly higher irrigation water productivity (increased from 11.3 to 11.7 kg ha −1 mm −1 ). However, changing to CA only reduced ET of the highest yielding system by 4% (55 mm), and of other current practices (late May and early June sowing of medium and long duration varieties) by less than this. The only way to achieve a substantial reduction in ET was by growing short duration rice varieties in both the rFP and CA systems. However, with current short duration varieties, this came at the cost of both rice and system yields (system yield reduced by an average of about 1.8 t ha −1 ). This could be overcome by intensification to 3 crops per year in a CA rice-wheat-mung system (with short duration rice varieties), while still providing a substantial but smaller decrease in ET. This system also had considerable flexibility in rice sowing date, with similar system yields for sowings from 5 June to 15 July. These findings suggest that greater effort to increase the yield potential of short duration rice varieties is warranted. Field experimentation is needed to test the improved systems as suggested by the model simulations, particularly in terms of cropping system yield and ET, and alternatives to rice and wheat should also be evaluated. At the same time, spatial hydrological studies are needed to determine the sustainable level of ET from croppi...

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Comparison of population photosynthesis characteristics and grain yield of wheat under various sowing dates and seeding rates

Liu,

Cai,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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This study investigated the effects of sowing dates and seeding rates on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates—early sowing date (SD‐E), normal sowing date (SD‐N), and delay sowing date (SD‐D)—and three seeding rates—90 low seeding rate (SR‐L), 108 moderate seeding rate (SR‐M), and high seeding rate 126 kg ha−1 (SR‐H). The results revealed that the grain yield at SR‐L in the SD‐E regime, SR‐M in the SD‐N regime, and SR‐H in the SD‐D regime was increased by 7.48%–9.93%, 14.1%–16.7%, and 19.0%–41.6%, respectively, compared to other combinations under the same sowing date. Consistent with the yield performance, the aboveground biomass accumulation, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) accumulation in stems, and NSC remobilization amount from anthesis to maturity were the highest at SR‐L in the SD‐E, at SR‐M in the SD‐N, or at SR‐H in the SD‐D regime, among other treatment combinations. Improved canopy photosynthetic characteristics (i.e., leaf area index, leaf photosynthetic rate, canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception rate, and radiation use efficiency) were also observed at the SR‐M in the SD‐N or at SR‐H in the SD‐D regime. Collectively, a suitable sowing date combined with an optimum seeding rate could enhance grain yield, and increasing the seeding rate could mitigate the yield loss when sowing was delayed by optimizing traits photosynthesis in wheat.

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Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north-west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 1. Rice variety duration, sowing date and inclusion of mungbean

Cited by 51 publications

References 43 publications

Crop Upgrading Strategies and Modelling for Rainfed Cereals in a Semi-Arid Climate—A Review

Crop Upgrading Strategies and Modelling for Rainfed Cereals in a Semi-Arid Climate—A Review

Options for increasing the productivity of the rice–wheat system of north west India while reducing groundwater depletion. Part 2. Is conservation agriculture the answer?

Comparison of population photosynthesis characteristics and grain yield of wheat under various sowing dates and seeding rates

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