“…An affinity biosensor consists of a transducer (electrochemical [1], piezoelectric [2], or optical [3]) and a biological recognition element which is able to interact with a selected analyte. Various optical methods have been exploited in biosensors including fluorescence spectroscopy [4], interferometry (reflectometric white light interferometry [5] and modal interferometry in optical waveguide structures [6]), spectroscopy of guided modes of optical waveguides (grating coupler [7] and resonant mirror [8]), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [9,10].…”