Optoacoustic detection of tissue glycation

Abstract

Abstract:Oxidative-based diseases including diabetes, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders are accompanied by accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Therefore, AGE-associated changes in tissue optical properties could yield a viable pathological indicator for disease diagnostics and monitoring. We investigated whether skin glycation could be detected based on absorption changes associated with AGE accumulation using spectral optoacoustic measurements and interrogated the optimal spectral band for skin glycation determination. Glycated and non-glycated skin was optoacoustically measured at multiple wavelengths in the visible region. The detected signals were spectrally processed and compared to measurements of skin autofluorescence and to second harmonic generation multiphoton microscopy images. Optoacoustic measurements are shown to be capable of detecting skin glycolysis based on AGE detection. A linear dependence was observed between optoacoustic intensity and the progression of skin glycation. The findings where corroborated by autofluorescence observations. Detection sensitivity is enhanced by observing normalised tissue spectra. This result points to a ratiometric method for skin glycation detection, specifically at 540 nm and 620 nm. We demonstrate that optoacoustic spectroscopy could be employed to detect AGE accumulation, and possibly can be employed as a non-invasive quick method for monitoring tissue glycation. 14416-14429 (2010). 13. J. Sandby-Møller, T. Poulsen, and H. C. Wulf, "Influence of epidermal thickness, pigmentation and redness on skin autofluorescence," Photochem. Photobiol. 77(6), 616-620 (2003). 14. A. A. Ghazaryan, P. S. Hu, S. J. Chen, H. Y. Tan, and C. Y. Dong, "Spatial and temporal analysis of skin glycation by the use of multiphoton microscopy and spectroscopy," J. Dermatol. Sci. 65(3), 189-195 (2012). 15.

Optical and structural properties of biological tissues under diabetes mellitus

“…The conditions of physiological hyperglycemia were provided by immersion of porcine skin samples in the ribose solution during 17 days. As a result, the increase of the optoacoustic signal with the incubation time and the maximal absorption of light by the glycated skin in the wavelength range 540-620 nm was observed [157]. Possibly, the increased intensity of the optoacoustic signal with the growth of skin glycation degree is related not only to the high light absorption by glycated skin (in the wavelength range 540-620 nm), but also to the increased efficiency of light-to-sound conversion due to greater tissue elasticity because of the crosslinks between the fibres.…”

“…Based on the studies of the fluorescence properties of the advanced glycation end products of hemoglobin, skin, cornea, aorta, articular tendon [34,36,116,118,119,124,157], and the corresponding changes in the nonlinear susceptibility of the tissue structures [34,123,158], it was found that the glycation facilitates the increase of the tissue fluorescence intensity [34,116,118,119,124,125,157] and the decrease of the second harmonic generation intensity [34,123,158] (Fig. 4).…”

“…The optoacoustic spectroscopy was used for the study of advanced glycation end products in skin in the case of in vitro glycation [157]. The principle of optoacoustic spectroscopy is based on the transformation of the energy of pulsed or timemodulated optical radiation into thermal and further acoustic waves when interacting with an object, while as a spectrally non-selective detector of absorbed energy at different wavelengths a microphone or an ultrasonic transducer is served [180].…”

Advanced optoacoustic methods for multiscale imaging of in vivo dynamics

“…AGEs are predictors of disease-associated with long-term complications, thus their early non-invasive detection is of paramount importance. Spectral optoacoustic measurements of AGE in a porcine skin model demonstrated promising prospects for the detection and quantification of AGE accumulation [327]. Optoacoustic monitoring of stroke progression in the whole brain of living mice in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was also suggested [299].…”

Short-wavelength optoacoustic spectroscopy based on water muting

“…Nevertheless, similarly to optical methods, optoacoustic sensing is limited by water absorption at longer wavelengths. Water contributes minimally to optoacoustic measurements in the visible range (450-650 nm) and nearinfrared range (650-900 nm) [14], but it contributes strongly to measurements at wavelengths longer than 900 nm, limiting the sensitivity of the technique for detecting proteins, lipids, collagen and sugars [14], [26], [27].…”