T hank you, dear reader, I acknowledge you for reading my thesis! It adds value to the many hours spent writing this, and my journey of over four years leading to it.A great many people have had immense contributions directly or indirectly, in the evolution of this thesis to its current form and shaping my doctoral career in general.My deepest gratitude is to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Fan Weijun. I have been amazingly fortunate to have a supervisor who believed in me and gave the freedom to explore uncharted waters, but at the same time extended timely guidance to recover whenever my steps faltered. His patience and support has helped me evolve as an independent researcher. My co-supervisor, Prof. Zhang Dao Hua, has been a support figure with invaluable research insights. I am deeply grateful to him for the discussions during meetings, supporting my cause to access reserved characterization tools, and ready financial support.