“…In this work, along with liquid metal interconnects, microfluidic components are co-fabricated on the same PDMS substrate aligned with the CMOS die, allowing seamless IC/microfluidic integration and flexible packaging. Besides flexible electronics applications, we believe this technology will also prove an enabling method in the fields of CMOS hybrid microsystems, lab-on-a-chip, optoelectronics and optofluidics by providing novel functions previously difficult, if not impossible, to integrate such as heat management, magnetic coils, tunable antennas, and metallic optofluidic components on flexible substrates1922.…”