“…Recent in vitro studies using optogenetic stimulation and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) show that local DA signals can be triggered in the striatum by stimulation of glutamatergic inputs from thalamus (Threlfell et al, 2012;Kosillo et al, 2016;Johnson et al, 2017;Cover et al, 2019), motor cortex (Kosillo et al, 2016), or PFC (Mateo et al, 2017). These findings agree with previous literature showing in vivo DA signals in the striatum evoked by stimulation of PFC (Taber and Fibiger, 1993;Quiroz et al, 2016;Hill et al, 2018), hippocampus (Tritschler et al, 2018), or amygdala (Floresco et al, 1998). Furthermore, in vivo intrastriatal administration of glutamate and ACh was also shown to cause increases in extracellular DA concentration in the rat striatum (Giorguieff et al, 1976(Giorguieff et al, , 1977Leviel et al, 1990;Shimizu et al, 1990).…”