Optogenetic neurostimulation of auricular vagus using flexible OLED display technology to treat chronic inflammatory disease and mental health disorders

Smith, John E.; Shah, Ankur; Lee, Y.K.; O’Brien, Barry; Kullman, Dixie E.; Sridharan, Arati; Muthuswamy, Jit; Christen, Jennifer Blain

doi:10.1049/el.2015.3450

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…OLED fabrication is detailed elsewhere [20], [21]. Briefly, a thin-film, multi-layer device was constructed with a hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), either a fluorescent blue [21] or phosphorescent green [22] layer, a hole-blocking layer (HBL), a doped electron transport layer, and electron injection layer.…”

Section: Oled Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use heat sinks and moisture barriers on the OLEDs to minimize ingress of moisture and oxygen. The fabrication of these OLEDs is detailed elsewhere [20][21][22] and the focus of this study is to assess the neuromodulatory effect of OLEDs on neural activity of cultured primary neuronal networks transfected with light-sensitive opsins such as blue-light sensitive channel-rhodopsin (ChR2) and engineered, red-shifted channel-rhopdopsin chimera (C1V1tt) that is sensitive to green-light. We demonstrate optical stimulation-locked, single neuronal responses for excitatory opsins on cultured cortical neurons on MEAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optogenetic modulation of cortical neurons using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

Sridharan¹,

Shah²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Objective -There is a need for low power, scalable photoelectronic devices and systems for emerging optogenetic needs in neuromodulation. Conventional light emitting diodes (LEDs) are constrained by power and lead-counts necessary for scalability. Organic LEDs (OLEDs) offer an exciting approach to decrease power and lead-counts while achieving high channel counts on thin, flexible substrates that conform to brain surfaces or peripheral neuronal fibers. In this study, we investigate the potential for using OLEDs to modulate neuronal networks cultured in vitro on a transparent microelectrode array (MEA) and subsequently validate neurostimulation in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. Approach -Cultured mouse cortical neurons were transfected with light-sensitive opsins such as blue-light sensitive channel-rhodopsin (ChR2) and green-light sensitive chimeric channelrhodopsin (C1V1tt) and stimulated using blue and green OLEDs (with 455 and 520 nm peak emission spectra respectively) at a power of 1 mW/mm 2 under pulsed conditions.Main results -We demonstrate neuromodulation and optostimulus-locked, single unit-neuronal activity in neurons expressing stimulating and inhibiting opsins (n=4 MEAs, each with 16 recordable channels). We also validated the optostimulus-locked response in a channelrhodopsin expressing transgenic mouse model, where at least three isolatable single neuronal cortical units respond to OLED stimulation. Significance -The above results indicate the feasibility of generating sufficient luminance fromOLEDs to perform neuromodulation both in vitro and in vivo. This opens up the possibility of developing thin, flexible OLED films with multiple stimulation sites that can conform to the shape of the neuronal targets in the brain or the peripheral nervous system. However, stability of these OLEDs under chronic conditions still needs to be carefully assessed with appropriate packaging approaches.

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Section: Oled Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic modulation of cortical neurons using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

Sridharan¹,

Shah²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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“…Therefore, another strategy extensively explored is to use longer wavelength light and red-shifted opsins to achieve neuromodulation in nerves deeper in the body. For example, a flexible red OLED device was developed for transdermal optogenetic vagal stimulation (Smith et al 2016), yet its in vivo application needs to be further determined.…”

Section: Optogenetic Control Of the Peripheral Nervous System In Awak...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic Control of the Peripheral Nervous System

Chang

2019

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is highly complicated and heterogenous. Conventional neuromodulatory approaches have revealed numerous essential biological functions of the PNS and provided excellent tools to treat a large variety of human diseases. Yet growing evidence indicated the importance of cell-type-specific neuromodulation in the PNS in not only biological research using animal models but also potential human therapies. Optogenetics is a recently developed neuromodulatory approach combining optics and genetics that can effectively stimulate or silence neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal precision. Here, I review research regarding optogenetic manipulations for celltype-specific control of the PNS, highlighting the advantages and challenges of current optogenetic tools, and discuss their potential future applications.

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“…This and related studies have proved the possibility of new optogenetics models where emerging display building blocks can play a crucial role. Other papers dealted with subjects such as the neurostimulation of auricular vagus using flexible OLEDs and the micro‐LED‐based wireless‐powered fully internal optogenetics …”

Section: Progress Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Display meets biology: A vision for ubiquitous healthcare platforms

2019

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Ever‐increasing demand for a healthy and sustainable life has been a traditional motivation behind state‐of‐the‐art medicines and precision diagnosis tools. Nowadays, the ultra‐connectivity and data‐centric initiatives that underpin the future Internet of Things is seen as another major driver of electronically enriched, highly customizable healthcare platforms. Especially, the information display technology, which already enjoys its position as an all‐round player in consumer electronics is poised to broaden its territory by envisioning a range of bio‐related features. In this review, the rising opportunities for next‐generation display‐based biotechnology and healthcare systems are critically assessed in light of recent literature. Clearly, smart combination of new materials, devices, and integration strategies has given rise to highly promising prototypes, and this article aims at highlighting some of these examples. Despite such progress, it is still unclear whether the resultant technologies will make a measurable impact in the near future, given both their own scientific limits and the lack of proper business model. In this regard, the final part of this contribution is dedicated to emergent challenges as well as development solutions that this potentially disruptive innovation may need to consider.

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Optogenetic neurostimulation of auricular vagus using flexible OLED display technology to treat chronic inflammatory disease and mental health disorders

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Optogenetic modulation of cortical neurons using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

Optogenetic modulation of cortical neurons using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

Optogenetic Control of the Peripheral Nervous System

Display meets biology: A vision for ubiquitous healthcare platforms

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