2.3.3. Multifunctional hybrid systems 2.3.4. High magnetic moment core@shell nanoparticles 2.4. Instrumentation for magnetic-induced hyperthermia 3. Photo-induced hyperthermia 3.1. Mechanisms of Photo-induced hyperthermia 3.1.1. Surface plasmon resonance absorption 3.1.2. Interactions between light and carbon reticle vibrational state 3.1.3. Generation of heat in nanoparticles: role of non-radiative recombination 3.2. Parameters affecting the photo-induced hyperthermia 3.3. Potential photo-induced hyperthermia nanomaterial 3.3.1. Carbon Nanostructures 3.3.2. Au nanomaterials 3.3.3. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and Ferrites 3.3.4. Quantum Dots (QDs) 3.3.5. Rare-earth containing NPs 3.4. Instrumentation for photo-induced hyperthermia 4. Comparison between magnetic and photo-induced hyperthermia and their combinatorial effect 5. Prerequisites for hyperthermia treatment in the clinic 5.1. Parameter affecting toxicity: size, shape, composition, coating 5.2. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and clearance rate 5.3. Concentration required for treatment 5.4. Drug release by external thermal therapy 5.5. In vivo and clinical application of hyperthermia treatments 5.5.1. Tumor microenviroment and hyperthermia effects 5.5.2. Delivery routes of nanoparticles in tumors 5.5.3.Examples of in vivo and clinical application of hyperthermia treatment 6. Conclusion and future perspectives Conflict of interest: