Optometric Disorders in Children and Adults with Dyslexia

Vikesdal, Gro Horgen; Mon-Williams, Mark; Langaas, Trine

doi:10.1080/00313831.2019.1595715

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Only one child was myopic. This is in line with other Nordic studies in children and adolescents [46][47][48]84 . Although most children had good binocular vision, the children in the pain group had a significantly reduced AC/A compared to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The eye and physical examination revealed that headaches and trigger points were also common in the control group, however, these children had not been in contact with health care personnel. Further, the results showed associations between symptoms and need for new glasses in 40% of the control group, in line with previous studies showing that 10-40% of school children need glasses to obtain satisfactory vision 30,[46][47][48] . That the eye examination also revealed symptoms in the control group, supports that children often are unaware of symptoms of uncorrected vision problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is a risk that the children found to have vision problems in this study, would have remained undiagnosed and uncorrected 30,[46][47][48] . It is well known that children may have difficulties expressing and understanding symptoms of pain and discomfort, which our study also indicates 76 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…from near, when reading, to distance when looking at the blackboard). Symptoms of reduced AC/A are headaches, blurred vision, eyestrain, intermittent double vision and learning difficulties 47,[85][86][87] . Low AC/A may also indicate weakness in the eye's ability to converge and convergence insufficiency (CI) 88 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Headache and musculoskeletal pain in school children are associated with uncorrected vision problems and need for glasses: a case–control study

Thorud

Aurjord

Falkenberg

2021

Sci Rep

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Musculoskeletal pain and headache are leading causes of years lived with disability, and an escalating problem in school children. Children spend increasingly more time reading and using digital screens, and increased near tasks intensify the workload on the precise coordination of the visual and head-stabilizing systems. Even minor vision problems can provoke headache and neck- and shoulder (pericranial) pain. This study investigated the association between headaches, pericranial tenderness, vision problems, and the need for glasses in children. An eye and physical examination was performed in twenty 10–15 year old children presenting to the school health nurse with headache and pericranial pain (pain group), and twenty age-and-gender matched classmates (control group). The results showed that twice as many children in the pain group had uncorrected vision and needed glasses. Most children were hyperopic, and glasses were recommended mainly for near work. Headache and pericranial tenderness were significantly correlated to reduced binocular vision, reduced distance vision, and the need for new glasses. That uncorrected vision problems are related to upper body musculoskeletal symptoms and headache, indicate that all children with these symptoms should have a full eye examination to promote health and academic performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Headache and musculoskeletal pain in school children are associated with uncorrected vision problems and need for glasses: a case–control study

Thorud

Aurjord

Falkenberg

2021

Sci Rep

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“…The relationship between accommodation, visual acuity and fixation stability have been investigated previously (Evans et al, 1994;Vikesdal et al, 2020;Wahlberg-Ramsay et al, 2012;Ygge et al, 1993). Some individuals with dyslexia exhibit a reduction in acuity compared to controls, and lower levels of accommodation amplitude has been reported (Evans et al, 1994;Vikesdal et al, 2020;Wahlberg-Ramsay et al, 2012;Ygge et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal saccades but decreased fixation stability in a population of children with dyslexia

Vikesdal

Falkenberg

Mon‐Williams

et al. 2021

Scand J Optom Vis Sci

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Developmental dyslexia affects around 5-15% of the population and has a heterogeneous aetiology. Optometric disorders are more prevalent in dyslexic populations but the relationship be- tween eye movement control and dyslexia is not well established. In this study, we investigated whether children with dyslexia show saccadic or fixation deficits and whether these deficits are related to deficits in visual acuity and/or accommodation. Thirty-four children with and without dyslexia were recruited for the project. All participants had an optometric examination and performed a saccade and fixation experiment. We used two eye movement paradigms: the step and the gap task. Eye movements were recorded by an infrared eye-tracker and saccade and fixation parameters were analysed separately. Saccadic latencies, premature saccades, and directional errors were similar between children with dyslexia and typically developing children. In contrast, fixations were significantly less stable in the dyslexic group. Neither saccades nor fixations were associated with deficits in accommodation or visual acuity. Children with dyslexia showed no difficulties in saccadic performance, but their fixation stability was reduced compared to the control group. The reduced fixation stability can be explained by general deficits in the cognitive processes that underpin eye movement control, that have also been found in other neuro-developmental disorders.

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Does vision therapy for visual information processing improve academic performance? A randomised clinical trial

Fricke,

Metha,

Anderson

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeTo determine whether a typical vision therapy (VT) programme designed to improve visual information processing (VIP) skills is effective in improving these skills and/or academic performance.MethodsWe used a double‐blind, randomised clinical trial to compare VIP VT to placebo training. Participating schools referred a sample of 579 early primary school children identified as being within the lower third of their class for literacy. From the referred sample, we identified 247 children eligible to participate (passed visions and auditory processing screening, and VIP performance <34th percentile), 94 of whom participated. Matching IQ, school grade and sex was achieved by sorting hierarchically on these values and then alternately allocating to VT or placebo groups. Both programmes ran for 10 weeks and consisted of 33 h working at home and 4 h working in office. The VT programme was indicative of that employed in Australian paediatric optometry practices, with the placebo programme containing similar activities, except targeting skills within a child's competencies and with specific VIP development activities removed. The main outcome measures were score change on three standardised educational tests (reading comprehension, spelling and mathematics) and six VIP tests, both immediately post‐intervention (PI) and 6 months later.ResultsSixty‐nine children completed the programmes. The VT programme produced no significant improvement in the three educational tests or in five of the six VIP tests compared to the control. The VT programme improved visual sequential memory (VSM) by a moderate amount compared to the control (Cohen's d = 0.57 and 0.52, immediately PI and at 6 months, respectively: p < 0.03 and p < 0.02).ConclusionsThe VIP and academic performance benefits from a VT programme were largely identical to those from a control programme, both immediately and 6‐month PI. Placebo effects and general effects such as improvements in executive function and/or regression‐to‐the‐mean could be mistaken for specific programme effectiveness.

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Optometric Disorders in Children and Adults with Dyslexia

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Headache and musculoskeletal pain in school children are associated with uncorrected vision problems and need for glasses: a case–control study

Headache and musculoskeletal pain in school children are associated with uncorrected vision problems and need for glasses: a case–control study

Normal saccades but decreased fixation stability in a population of children with dyslexia

Does vision therapy for visual information processing improve academic performance? A randomised clinical trial

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