Optothermal properties of fiber morphology on nylon 66 fibers due to annealing and drawing processes

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The changes produced by the effects of annealed and drawn fibers on the microstructure and macrostructure of nylon 66 fibers are considered. The optical properties and strain produced in nylon 66 fibers under different conditions are measured interferometrically at room temperature. Structural parameters are calculated such as the average work per chain, the work per unit volume, the reduction in entropy due to elongation, and the work stored in the body as strain energy. The evaluation of the density aided the calculation of the crystallinity, the mean square density fluctuation, the isotropic refractive index, the harmonic mean polarizability of the dielectric, and the harmonic mean specific refractivity. In addition, the resulting data are utilized to calculate the optical stress coefficient and the optical configuration and to apply the Mooney-Rivlin equation to determine its constants. Also, the number of crystals per unit volume and the average orientation angle for uniaxial stretching are calculated by the extension ratio. The relations between the optical, mechanical, and thermal changes with different parameters are given for the studied fibers.

Structure and Properties of Viscose Fibers due to Cold Drawing

“…The drawing of viscose fiber produces reorientation of the mass distribution as is clear from the increase of F c , F tot , and F a in Figures 3-5, respectively. Thus the present results show a reduction of the crystallinity, which may be due to drastic distortion of the original structure of the amorphous material due to cold drawing [10]. Table 1 gives some experimental results of D, Dn, n iso , X c , F c , F tot , F o.t.…”

“…The two-beam interference technique was used extensively [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] for determining optical parameters such as the refractive indices and birefringence namely n a optical parameters were calculated using equations that were extensively used in several publications [9][10][11]. Also, the drawing process was studied as described elsewhere with the Pluta polarizing interference microscope connected to a mechanical device [12][13][14].…”

Optomechanical properties of the morphology of viscose fibers due to the cold‐drawing process

“…The mean values of the refractive indices of the fiber and the total mean birefringence were calculated with equations extensively used in our previous publications 16–19. With the Kuhn–Treloar theory, we can calculate the number of chains per unit of volume (ν),20 which depends on the number of crystallites in the polymer material.…”

“…μ for fibers of a very small radius contracts by loading and, under the assumption of a constant volume, can be obtained as follows:17 …”

A modified formula for accurate determination of three‐dimensional birefringence of fiber using modified subfringe integration method

“…They gave the relation between the structural parameters with different strain for PET and PE fibers. Fouda et al also used multiple‐beam Fizeau fringes method to investigate the changes in optical properties due to annealing and cold drawing processes of PET (Fouda, Kabeel, & El Sharkawy, ), nylon 66 (Fouda, ), nylon 6 (Fouda, ), PP (Fouda, ), and viscose fibers (Fouda, Oraby, & Seisa, ).…”