Oral acute toxicity study extract ethanol of balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica)

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is a plant widely found in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra island, and in India. This study followed the OECD No. 420. The groups were divided based on gender, male and female rats. Male rats were divided into 6 groups, which were male/female control, male/female 2000 mg/kgBW, and male/female 5000 mg/kgBW. This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Phyllanthus emblica (EEPE) doses of 2000 mg/kgBW and 5000 mg/kgBW did not cause histological changes in the heart, liver, testes, ovaries, and kidneys, and did not cause changes to the hematological parameters, kidney biochemical parameters, liver biochemical parameters, and electrolyte parameters both in male and female rats. The results show that the LD50 of EEPE is higher than 5000 mg/kgBW. In short, this study provides information regarding the antioxidant activity and the safe use of EEPE. The LD50 of extract ethanol of Phyllanthus emblica is higher than 5000 mg/kgBW.

Phyllanthus emblica: a comprehensive review of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties

“…Chronic toxicity studies by inducting P. emblica oral doses of 300, 600 and 1,200 mg/kg for 270 days resulted in no evident changes in treated animals pathologically. Previous studies reported the absence of toxicity of P. emblica fruit extract at doses of 200, 400, 300, and 500 mg/kg (Golechha et al, 2014;Middha et al, 2015;Anto et al, 2022). Furthermore, Uddin et al (2016) reported that the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica is safe with a dose up to 2000 mg/kg b.w.…”

Mechanistic pathway of herbs in the amelioration of NAFLD: A systematic review

“…Of these, 15 herbs, namely A. augusta (28,81), A. bunius (82,83), A. elata (84)(85)(86), C. obtusifolia (87)(88)(89), C. aurantium (90)(91)(92)(93), C. longa (94)(95)(96), C. sativus (97-99), C. terminans (100-102), G. tenuifolia (80,103), H. sabdariffa (104,105), P. notoginseng (109), P. indica (114), R. of f icinalis (115,116), R. ideaus (117,118) a nd T. foenum-graecum (119-121) exhibited a mode of action involving lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and/or inflammatory markers. The remaining five herbs, namely M. oleifera (46,106), M. latifolia (107,108), P. emblica (110,111), P. kurroa (53,112) and P. anisum (113) warrant further investigations to establish their cross-link mode of action. These herbs exhibited no signs of toxicity.…”

Extraction, Phytochemical profile and Neuroprotective Activity of Phyllanthus emblica Fruit Extract Against Sodium Valproate-Induced Postnatal Autism in BALB/c Mice via modulation of 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, D2 receptor protein, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers

“…The percentage yield of EAFA extract is 6.02% in 100 g of amla fruit dried powder. Based on previously reported acute toxicity studies on amla extracts, the safest dose was up to 5000 mg/kg BW [22]. Based on the prior investigation, the dose of the ethyl acetate fraction of amla extract (EAFA) at 100 mg/kg BW was chosen for the treatment group in the current study [23].…”