Oral administration of hot water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris reduces IgE production against milk casein in mice

Untitled

“…Generally, the WS of C. sorokiniana (previously classified as C. pyrenoidosa) in this study showed a lower content in total carbohydrates (rich in Glc and Rib) or crude proteins than those did C. vulgaris [32]. Glc and Rib can be linked to the presence of starches and nucleotides in Chlorella biomass [5,13]. Generally, Gal and Rha are the major monosaccharides in cell wall compositions of C. sorokiniana and C. pyrenoidosa [33].…”

“…Evidently, all sample compounds were different from these phenolic standards on the viewpoints of UV spectra and HPLC retention time. Secondly, WS-E75S samples are reasonably expected to contain small molecules such as nucleotides, monosaccharides, unsaturated (omega-3) fatty acids or derivatives originating from their parent extracts (C. sorokiniana and C. pyrenoidosa) with known related compositions [5,13,14,16]. Thirdly, the above standard spectra and documented UV spectra [13,[26][27][28][29][30] Accordingly, the compounds 1-4 and 6 were likely nucleic acids (λ max : 210-220 and 260 nm) and analogues with ethylene chromophores (λ max : 196198 nm) [25].…”

“…Generally, Gal and Rha are the major monosaccharides in cell wall compositions of C. sorokiniana and C. pyrenoidosa [33]. And, Man and Gal are found dominant in the immunomodulatory polysaccharides or glycoproteins from C. pyrenoidosa [7,14,34] and C. vulgaris [4,5]. In contrast to the biopolymers in Chlorella water extracts at 100 °C for 1 h in this study, the purified polysaccharide fractions from C. pyrenoidosa water extracts at 100 °C for 4 h show a greater percentage of large molecular weight fraction (76% F1), higher M w values (82 k and 1.7k) and rich in Man [14].…”

“…Water extracts from C. pyrenoidosa in Japan are regarded as Chlorella growth factor (CGF) for human or animals [3]. Oral administrations of Chlorella powder, water extracts, proteoglycans or glycoproteins isolates are reported effective for weight management, lipid metabolism control [3], increasing resistance to Listeria infection by preferentially augmenting Th1 responses and antibody levels [4][5][6][7], accelerating dioxin excretion [8], inhibiting hepatocarcinogenesis [9], and boosting immunoactivities [6,7]. Accordingly, C. pyrenoidosa hotwater extracts (CPE) are patented as Respondin TM as a proprietary immunomodulator [7,10].…”

“…Compound 5 could be a good index responsible for the antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH⋅ radicals of Chlorella extracts products. As to the compounds 1-4 and 6 (λ max : 260 nm), they could be the quality index of functional drinks with CGF, namely Chlorella hot water extracts [3][4][5], agreeing with the absorbance at 260 nm, an old index in Chlorella industry.…”