Oral administration of microencapsulated egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to combat against Edwardsiella tarda 2CDM001 infections

A review on the application of chicken immunoglobulin Y in aquaculture

“…By performing in vivo experiments, Li et al found that specific IgY significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of ayu macrophages against Vibrio anguillarum in a manner that was 1.41‐fold higher than in the non‐specific IgY group 59 . In another study, turbot ( Scophthalmus maximuswas ) were infected with E. tarda ; specific IgY not only significantly reduced the transcription levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐8 and TNF‐α) and complement C3 in the spleen and head kidney, but also significantly reduced the pathological increase of white blood cells when compared with a positive control group and non‐specific IgY group, thus effectively alleviating the inflammatory response caused by E. tarda 52 . Anti‐ A. hydrophila ‐IgY was also shown to enhance the phagocytic activity of Megalobrama amblycephala in the head kidney, significantly increase the macrophage‐mediated respiratory burst, including the production of nitric oxide and superoxide anions, and subsequently removed pathogens in a rapid manner 22 .…”

“…Koga et al found that the removal of surface antigen proteins reduced the surface hydrophobicity of bacteria 57 . In another study, Xu et al, used MATH to detect the effect of IgY on the hydrophobicity of E. tarda and found that IgY reduced hydrophobicity by 17% compared to a control group, thus confirming that IgY could disrupt the cell wall and hydrophobicity, and reduce the pathogen's ability to adhere to the host surface, thus reducing pathogenicity 52 …”

“…The role of IgY to treat bacterial diseases in aquatic animals predominantly involves the IgY‐mediated inhibition of bacterial agglutination and adhesion, thereby inhibiting bacterial activity and hindering growth and reproduction 22,50 . In vitro antibacterial testing has shown that IgY binds specifically to bacteria, thus reducing their ability to obtain nutrients, thereby exerting a significant antibacterial effect 51,52 . In a previous study, Zhang et al determined the specific effect of IgY on the growth of Vibrio harveyi by investigating the turbidity of a liquid medium and found that higher concentrations of IgY have a more pronounced effect 51 .…”

Immune responses to Vibrio vulnificus formalin‐killed vaccine and ghost vaccine in Scophthalmus maximus

“…Scophthalmus maximus is a widely cultured marine fish in China. At present, S. maximus cultivation has become an important marine aquaculture industry in China (Firidin & Ozturk, 2020; Xu, Che, et al, 2020; Xu, Shao, et al, 2020). However, with the rapid expansion of aquaculture, bacterial disease problems of S. maximus have become increasingly prominent, and the phenomenon of large‐scale death occurs frequently.…”

“…However, with the rapid expansion of aquaculture, bacterial disease problems of S. maximus have become increasingly prominent, and the phenomenon of large‐scale death occurs frequently. Like other aquaculture species, S. maximus is easily infected by pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio vulnificus (Zhao et al, 2019), Vibrio anguillarum (Gao et al, 2019), Aeromonas salmonicida (Lago et al, 2012), and Edwardsiella tarda (Xu, Che, et al, 2020; Xu, Shao, et al, 2020) and these can affect the sustainable development of aquaculture (Chen et al, 2020). V. vulnificus is a halophilic Gram‐negative bacteria that causes fatal septicemia in humans and aquatic animals (Barnes et al, 2020).…”