Oral administration of Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang reduce lung cancer-induced cachexia in mice

Abstract

This study is to investigate anti-inflammatory and anti-cachectic effect of Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang (QSYQT) in RAW 264.7 cells and Lewis lung cancer cells bearing mice. We examined the effect of QSYQT on LPS-induced inflammatory activity in a murine macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7. We evaluated cachectic parameters, such as weight loss, food intake and tumor size in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice treated with QSYQT decoction or a normal diet. Cytokine production in cell culture and in cachectic mice was quantified by ELISA. NF-kB expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). QSYQT significantly reduced the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment of QSYQT prevented weight loss in tumor-bearing mice without affecting food intake or tumor growth. Furthermore, the level of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in sera were significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice treated with QSYQT. NF-kB expression in spleen of LLC-derived mice was decreased in the presence of QSYQT. Our results revealed that QSYQT exerts an anti-cachectic effect on LLC-induced cachectic mice. The effect is conclusively associated with modulation of IL-6 production through NF-kB.

A Review of the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Application, Quality Control, Processing, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics of the Dried Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala

“…It was found that Qingshu Yiqi decoction could prevent weight loss in mice without increasing food intake. Additionally, it could reduce the secretion of IL-1 β , IL-6, and TNF- α by mouse macrophages, thus producing an antitumor effect ( Chou et al, 2012 ). This study illustrates the antitumor effect of several compounds of Baizhu and provides a comprehensive basis for the antitumor effect of Baizhu.…”

A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models

“…Of the 25 articles, 12 were excluded because they did not report in vivo research and/or were duplicates. As a result, we selected 13 in vivo studies for this study (Iizuka et al, 2000(Iizuka et al, , 2002Xu et al, 2005;Beckett et al, 2008;Fujitsuka et al, 2011;Chou et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012;Yae et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2014;Terawaki et al, 2014;Ohbuchi et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016;Zhuang et al, 2016) (Fig. 1).…”

“…QSYQT, composed of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Atractylodes chinensis Koidzumi, Cimicifuga foetida Linné, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, Citrus reticulata Blanco, and Massa Medicata Fermentata, has been used for treating fever and pulmonary disorders in East Asia (Chou et al, 2012). A. membranaceus, A. chinensis, and P. ginseng, the major ingredients of QSYQT, have been investigated for their immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity Leung, 2007a, 2007b;Li et al, 2007;Dong et al, 2008;Agyemang et al, 2013;Fu et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Ru et al, 2015).…”

“…S. baicalensis shows many therapeutic effects, including tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and anti-angiogenesis (Li et al, 2011;Muluye et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2016). Chou et al (2012) reported that the oral administration of QSYQT water extract to Lewis lung cancer cell-bearing mice significantly prevented weight loss without affecting food intake or tumor growth. Additionally, the authors reported that the levels of IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in the spleen were significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice treated with QSYQT.…”

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“…It was found that Qingshu Yiqi decoction could prevent weight loss in mice without increasing food intake. Additionally, it could reduce the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by mouse macrophages, thus producing an antitumor effect (Chou et al, 2012). This study illustrates the antitumor effect of several compounds of Baizhu and provides a comprehensive basis for the antitumor effect of Baizhu.…”