Oral Administration of Soluble β-Glucan Preparation from the Cauliflower Mushroom, Sparassis crispa (Higher Basidiomycetes) Modulated Cytokine Production in Mice

Abstract

Soluble β-glucan preparation from the cold NaOH extract of Sparassis crispa (SCG) is a six-branched 1,3-β-D-glucan that is a major cell-wall structural component in fungi. Leukocytes from DBA/2 mice are highly sensitive to SCG, producing cytokines in vitro. We previously reported that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of β-glucan decreased cytokine induction by SCG in vitro in DBA/2 mice. In this study, we examined the effects of the oral (p.o.) administration of polysaccharide fractions extracted from S. crispa, using hot water (SCHWE), a β-glucan from S. crispa, to DBA/2 mice on cytokine induction by SCG in the spleen in vitro. The level of induction of IFN-γ and GM-CSF by SCG was significantly increased in SCHWE-treated mice. This activity was more clearly observed when chlorpromazine was administered as a pretreatment in SCHWE-treated mice. The production of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-6 by immune cells in Peyer's patches was higher in SCHWE-treated mice than in control mice. These results suggest that orally administered β-glucan may modulate cytokine induction by SCG in the spleen through the activation of Peyer's patches.

Synbiotic effects of β-glucans from cauliflower mushroom and Lactobacillus fermentum on metabolic changes and gut microbiome in estrogen-deficient rats

“…Oat β-glucans have been mainly known to lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels in animals and humans [ 32 , 33 ]. However, cauliflower mushroom has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory hypocholesterolemic, and immunomodulatory activities [ 18 , 29 , 31 ]. Thus, β-glucans of different origins might have similar or different activities against metabolic disturbances.…”

“…Cauliflower mushroom ( Sparassis crispa Wulf.:Fr.) contains about 40% of six-branched 1,3-beta-glucan that can change gut microbiota [ 18 , 19 ]. However, β-glucan is known to improve inflammation and to alleviate inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, atopic dermatitis, and arthritis.…”

Superior Cervical Ganglia Neurons Induce Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells via Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

“…GM-CSF is produced by mouse SCG neurons[ 60 ] and demonstrated to stimulate sympathetic nerve growth[ 61 ]. Additionally, a dual role for GM-SCF[ 62 ] as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates immune response or a regulatory factor, which recruit Treg has been proposed.…”

Mitochondria Related Pathway Is Essential for Polysaccharides Purified from Sparassis crispa Mediated Neuro-Protection against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in Differentiated PC12 Cells

“…As one of the main bioactive components, Sparassis crispa polysaccharides are reported to possess anti-tumor effects in mice with strong vascular dilation and hemorrhage reactions [ 11 ]. Oral administration of purified polysaccharides obtained from Sparassis crispa enhances the Th1 response on tumor-bearing mice [ 12 ]. On the other hand, Sparassis crispa –purified polysaccharides stimulate leukocytes to produce cytokines in whole-cell cultures of human peripheral blood and in mouse splenocytes [ 13 , 14 ].…”