Oral administration of the biomimetic [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ increases insulin sensitivity and improves blood plasma variables in healthy and type 2 diabetic rats

Clodfelder, Buffie J.; Gullick, Bryan M.; Lukaski, Henry C.; Neggers, Yasmin H.; Vincent, John B.

doi:10.1007/s00775-004-0618-0

Cited by 77 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The dose of chromium niacinate or chromium picolinate used in this study is 400 µg Cr 3+ /kg body weight of rat. This chromium dose used in the present study is similar to that has been previously used by other investigators in chromium supplementation studies with diabetic rats or mice (25,28,34). Thus, Cr 3+ supplementation dose used per body weight in the present rat study is much higher than that has been used in human clinical trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Jain

Rains

Croad

2007

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

149

108

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SUMMARYChromium (Cr 3+ ) supplementation facilitate normal protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and is widely used by public in many countries. This study examined the effect of chromium niacinate (Cr-N) or chromium picolinate (Cr-P) supplementation on lipid peroxidation (LP), TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1 ), cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in diabetic rats. Diabetes (D) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by streptozotocin (STZ) (ip, 65 mg/kg BW). Control buffer, Cr-N or Cr-P (400 µg Cr/Kg BW) was administered by gavages daily for 7 wks. Blood was collected by heart puncture using light anesthesia. Diabetes caused a significant increase in blood levels of TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, HbA 1 , cholesterol, TG and LP. Compared with D, Cr-N supplementation lowered the blood levels of TNF-α (p=0.04), IL-6 (p=0.02), CRP (p=0.02) LP (p=0.01), HbA 1 (p=0.02), TG (p=0.04) and cholesterol (p=0.04). Compared with D, Cr-P supplementation showed a decrease in TNF-α (p=0.02), IL-6 (p=0.02) and LP (p=0.01). Chromium niacinate lowers blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), oxidative stress and lipids levels in diabetic rats, and appears to be more effective form of Cr 3+ -supplementation. This study suggests that Cr 3+ -supplementation can lower risk of vascular inflammation in diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Jain

Rains

Croad

2007

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

149

108

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“…Previous studies (17,22,23) have demonstrated that treatment with chromium may reduce serum lipid levels in diabetic conditions. However, the present study fails to confirm any lipid-lowering effect from chromium treatment in obese mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Alleviates Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic ER Stress in Obese Mice

Nair

Dong

Kandadi

et al. 2008

Obesity

100

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objective: Chromium has gained popularity as a nutritional supplement for diabetic patients. This study evaluated the effect of chronic administration of a chromium complex of d-phenylalanine (Cr(d-phe) 3 ) on glucose and insulin tolerance in obese mice. The study tested the hypothesis that Cr(d-phe) 3 suppresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance in these animals. Methods and Procedures: C57BL lean and ob/ob obese mice were randomly divided to orally receive vehicle or Cr(d-phe) 3 (3.8 µg of elemental chromium/kg/day) for 6 months. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Protein levels of phosphorylated pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), α subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1), p-c-Jun, and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphoserine-307 were assessed by western blotting. In vitro ER stress was induced by treating cultured muscle cells with thapsigargin in the presence or absence of Cr(d-phe) 3 . Results: ob/ob mice showed poor glucose and insulin tolerance compared to the lean controls, which was attenuated by Cr(d-phe) 3 . Markers of insulin resistance (phospho-c-Jun and IRS-1 phosphoserine) and ER stress (p-PERK, p-IRE-1, p-eIF2α), which were elevated in ob/ob mice, were attenuated following Cr(d-phe) 3 treatment. Chromium treatment was also associated with a reduction in liver triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation. In cultured myotubes, Cr(d-phe) 3 attenuated ER stress induced by thapsigargin. Discussion: Oral Cr(d-phe) 3 treatment reduces glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic ER stress in obese, insulin-resistant mice.

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“…Wzrost stężenia tej frakcji stwierdzono u szczurów otyłych z insulinoopornością lub cukrzycą, które otrzymywały pikolinian lub nikotynian chromu (49). Dodanie natomiast do diety zwierząt biomimetycznego kompleksu chromu spowodowało obniżenie stężenia cholesterolu HDL w osoczu (23,58,98). Poziom glukozy (1, 104) oraz GTF (87) Jeżeli chodzi o cechy tuczu, to wielu badaczy zwró-ciło na nie szczególną uwagę.…”

Section: Chrom W Badaniach Na Zwierzętach I Ludziachunclassified

“…Cr w formie organicznej jest lepiej wchłaniany niż w formie nieorganicznej i prowadzi do wzrostu koncentracji tego składnika w tkankach (80). Zauważono, że biodostępność kationu propionianu chromu (CrProp) jest znacznie wyższa w porównaniu do innych popularnych suplementów chromu w diecie, takich jak: chlorek, nikotynian lub pikolinian chromu (23,94,95). CrProp jest absorbowany z dużą skutecznością 40-60% (94,95).…”

Section: Toksykokinetykaunclassified

Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans

Kosla¹,

Lasocka²,

Skibniewska³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Trivalent chromium is considered an essential element in the nutrition of both animals and humans. Animal studies confirm many beneficial effects of organic and inorganic chromium compounds on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism in the body. Glucose tolerance factor (GTF) has been demonstrated to involve an active form of trivalent chromium, which sustains normal glucose metabolism. Cr(III) compounds form enzymes and ribonucleic acids, accelerate blood clotting and increase β-glucuronidase activity. Chromium also participates in antioxidant processes, in the synthesis of RNA and DNA and in the immune response, as well as affects secretion of hormones and some vitamins. It has been demonstrated that chromium improves lean body mass in animals, increases growth rate and feed conversion and improves feed intake and energy efficiency. Organic chromium reduces mortality and improves animal reproduction parameters. It also enhances immunity and strengthens response to preventive vaccination. It has been noted in many animal species that a diet low in chromium leads to deficiency symptoms, such as reduced feed intake, lower weight gains, reproductive disorders and increased lipid levels. Chromium deficiency can also result from stress. Moderate chromium deficiency is a risk factor of ischemic heart disease with myocardial infarction. Such a condition may pose a great risk of coronary artery disease. Dietary chromium requirement of an animal body is probably 300 μg Cr/kg d.w. of feed, which is usually satisfied by the ration provided. The highest concentration of chromium is found in the hair, skin and teeth, followed by the liver, kidneys, spleen, and slightly lower in the heart, muscles, pancreas, lungs, bones and brain. Chromium absorption rates in the human intestine range between 0.5 and 2% of the daily intake of inorganic Cr forms, and from 25 to 30% of the element ingested as organic complexes. Clinical studies show that the kinetics of chromium excretion from the system are complex and can be described by a multi-range model, the half-life ranging from 13 min to 192 days. Dietary chromium nanocomposite supplementation (CrNano) used in pigs nutrition has significantly increased Cr content in the blood, longissimus muscle, heart, liver, kidneys, jejunum and ileum. Chromium nanocomposite supplementation acts more effectively on the tissues and, as a consequence, increases the accumulation of the element. .

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Oral administration of the biomimetic [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ increases insulin sensitivity and improves blood plasma variables in healthy and type 2 diabetic rats

Cited by 77 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Chromium Alleviates Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic ER Stress in Obese Mice

Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans

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