“…For example, markers of bone turnover may reflect changes in bone metabolism induced by oophorectomy (57,125), hyperparathyroidism (126,127), Paget's disease (128), physical exercise (129), immobilisation (32,130), alcoholism (131), smoking (132), vitamin D deficiency (33,35,37,133), chronic inflammatory bowel disease (134,135), chronic starvation (136), thyroid disorders (52,137) as well as the pharmacological effects of glucocorticosteroids (48,139,140), androgens (6,7,141), gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (142), warfarin (143), growth hormone or insulin-like growth factors (144). Bone turnover markers may be useful in the diagnosis and management of certain of the above conditions, but in most cases has not been rigorously examined.…”