Oral and Perioral Piercing Complications

Abstract

Abstract:Background. The oral an perioral piercing has a long history as part of religious, tribal,cultural or sexual symbolism and nowdays there is a high incidence of oral and perioral piercing in the adolescent population. This practice has a long history as part of religious, tribal, cultural or sexual symbolism. This article reviews current knowledge on injuries or diseases that might be produced by piercing in the oral cavity. We propose a classification to diagnosed the pathologies related to oral an perioral piercing Methods. A search was conducted of articles in PubMed, Scielo published between 1997 and 2007, using the key words ``oral and perioral, piercing ´´, ``oral, piercing and disease", ``recessions and oral piercing´´. It has reviewed about twentythree articles 17 were narrative reviews and 6 case series Results. A review was carried out on the origins of oral and perioral body piercing and its local implications, classifying the different alterations like recessions, systemic implications that it can produce in the oral and perioral cavity. Conclusion. Patients with oral and perioral piercing should be regularly followed up because of the possible development of different types of adverse effects. Clinical implications. Adverse effects of oral and perioral piercing can be systemic, with transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B or C, or can be local, with alteration of oral mucosae or even of dental structures.

Oral piercing: A risky fashion

“…In a fourth type, two components of the stud are held together by a magnetic force 10-fold greater than that of a conventional magnet. [15][16][17] Another popular oral piercing is the labret, which refers to piercing sites of the lip. One type is placed above the labiomental groove and centered underneath the vermillion border.…”

“…Thus, oral piercings have been associated with gingivitis, [22] which requires the presence of bacteria in plaque for its onset, although factors related to microorganisms and host predisposition also affect this pathogenesis. [23] Transmission of organisms Piercing of oral sites is associated with a high risk of infection because of the large and diverse oral micro flora present and the possible transmission of organisms such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Staphylococcus aureus, A group Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erysipelas, β-hemolytic Streptococcus, [17] tetanus [11] and candida. [20][21][22] Anaphylactic reactions Anaphylactic reactions can be produced by some of the materials inserted, e.g., nickel, the metal that causes most contact allergies.…”

“…Thus, Escudero-Castaño N et al observed increased salivary flow in 63% of their study. [17] Conclusion Piercing invades subcutaneous areas and has a high potential for infectious complications. The number of case reports of endocarditis associated with piercing is increasing.…”

Oral piercings and their dental implications: a mini review

“…Cheek piercing uses a labret stud piercing that goes through the cheek(s). Cheek piercing is usually located where a dimple would be seen, however other placement areas are also optional 8,9 …”

“…If the person being pierced gags violently, it is possible to drop the needle or the jewelry, or pierce the side of the throat. In adverse cases, piercing might lead to bisection of the uvula 7–9 …”