Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer and Occupation: A Case-Control Study

Huebner, Wendy W.; Schoenberg, Janet B.; Kelsey, Jennifer L.; Wilcox, Homer; McLaughlin, Joseph K.; Greenberg, Raymond S.; Preston‐Martin, Susan; Austin, Donald F.; Stemhagen, Annette; Blot, William J.; Winn, Deborah M.; Fraumeni, Joseph F.

doi:10.1097/00001648-199207000-00005

Cited by 63 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These include studies of bladder cancer (12,(42)(43)(44)(45), brain cancer (46,47), buccal and oral cancers (48,49), childhood brain cancer (47), childhood leukemia (50) …”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Wartenberg

Reyner

Scott

2000

Environ Health Perspect

203

156

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Trichloroethylene is an organic chemical that has been used in dry cleaning, for metal degreasing, and as a solvent for oils and resins. It has been shown to cause liver and kidney cancer in experimental animals. This article reviews over 80 published papers and letters on the cancer epidemiology of people exposed to trichloroethylene. Evidence of excess cancer incidence among occupational cohorts with the most rigorous exposure assessment is found for kidney cancer (relative risk lRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.1-2.7), liver cancer (RR = 1.9, 95% Cl 1.0-3.4), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 1.5, 95% Cl 0.9-2.3) as well as for cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and multiple myeloma. However, since few studies isolate trichloroethylene exposure, results are likely confounded by exposure to other solvents and other risk factors. Although we believe that solvent exposure causes cancer in humans and that trichloroethylene likely is one of the active agents, we recommend further study to better specify the specific agents that confer this risk and to estimate the magnitude of that risk.

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“…These include studies of bladder cancer (12,(42)(43)(44)(45), brain cancer (46,47), buccal and oral cancers (48,49), childhood brain cancer (47), childhood leukemia (50) …”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Wartenberg

Reyner

Scott

2000

Environ Health Perspect

203

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of mouthwash containing high levels of alcohol has also been shown to be associated with a slightly increased risk for oral cancer development (Winn et al, 1991). Oral cancer is not considered to be an occupationally related cancer, but an association with electronic parts manufacture appears to increase the risk for oral cancer among African-Americans, while carpet installation enhanced the risk for Caucasians (Huebner et al, 1992). Another population at risk in all ethnic groups, but particularly in African-Americans, is the unmarried male (Day et al 1993).…”

Section: (C) Risk Factors and Ethnicity (I) Ethnicity And Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers and Molecular Epidemiology and Chemoprevention of Oral Carcinogenesis

Schwartz

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Chemopreventives are chemicals that prevent the formation of cancers such as oral cancer. They can take the form of nutrients or synthetic molecules, and their fundamental characteristic is that they do not produce disease processes that would result in debilitating symptoms. Current evidence indicates that they function by modifying the oxidative state of transforming cells. Biomarkers can take the form of genetic and molecular indicators, which characterize the function of chemopreventives and cancer processes such as oral carcinogenesis. Biomarkers cannot provide all the required information for risk assessment or possible activity of the chemopreventives. Other methods, such as epidemiological analyses and techniques, must be used to enhance our understanding of the risk for oral cancer in human populations. One common epidemiologic method, the questionnaire, helps to determine the use and carcinogenic potential of tobacco and alcohol during oral carcinogenesis. Genetic and molecular changes in human patient populations may result in a reduction in the number and function of tumor suppressor genes. If these changes are to be assessed, the tissues (e.g., buccal mucosa) must be accessible and harvested in a reliable and consistent manner for the acquisition of DNA, mRNA, and protein. Oral tissues provide sufficient quantities of these molecules and, under stringent conditions, the quality required for the isolation of these molecular constituents. In conjunction with epidemiologic techniques, various genotypic polymorphisms, such as glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM 1) or cytochrome P450 (CYP450Al), have indicated a loss in carcinogen detoxification or the processing of internal growth control signals. Biomarkers are composed of a large diverse group of genetic and molecular structures. Some of these biomarkers are indicators for programmed cell death (PCD), while others describe malignant tumor growth. Many of these classes of molecules are oxidative-responsive (e.g., tumor suppressor p53, Bcl-2, growth factors, immune-derived proteins, and death-inducing molecules) and induce PCD by triggering a cascade of cysteine proteases and regulators (e.g., caspases, death receptors). This pathway results in cell-cycle alterations and DNA fragmentation. It is hoped that a detailed knowledge of the processes involved in malignant transformation will better define the biomarker-screening tools for oral cancer. These tools will enhance our ability to predict the incidence of cancer, detect early malignant change, and quantitate chemoprevention during oral carcinogenesis. Chemopreventives such as the retinoids have already demonstrated their ability to suppress potential malignant changes in pre-malignant oral leukoplakias and decrease the incidence of second head-and-neck cancer primaries. It is our hope that this review will increase investigators' interest in developing new screening and detection systems for oral cancer.

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“…Fumo e álcool são os principais fatores de risco reconhecidos, mas estudos prévios encontraram relação entre câncer da cavidade bucal e faringe e o exercício de determinadas ocupações, como por exemplo: pescadores e agricultores 10 , pintores 11,12 , açougueiros, pedreiros e condutores de veículos a motor 13 , encanadores e trabalhadores da construção civil 14 , instaladores de carpetes 15 . Exposições ocupacionais a substâncias químicas específicas tam-bém têm sido apontadas como relacionadas às neoplasias de cavidade oral e faringe, tais como formaldeído 14 , fenoxi herbicidas e dioxinas 16 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified