Oral aspects of excessive fluorides in a water supply

Histopathology of Caries-Like Lesions Created in vitro in Fluorosed and Sound Enamel

“…This was thought to be particular ly interesting in the light of conflicting epi demiological reports on the prevalence of dental caries in areas with high water fluo ride. King [1944] and Forsman [1974] re ported increased caries activity in such areas, whereas other studies \Hewat, 1949; Zimmerman et al, 1955;Forrest, 1956] did not deteet any significant increase in caries experience in very-high-fluoride areas.…”

Fluoride - an adjunctive therapeutic agent for periodontal disease? Evidence from a cross-sectional study

“…There are conflicting reports from literature regarding the influence of water fluoride on the periodontal status till date with Zimmermann et al (5) observing no significant differences in gingivitis, radiographic bone loss and supragingival calculus between the subjects of Barlett (8ppm) and Cameron (0.5ppm) in Texas, whereas, Murray (12) observed that gingivitis and gingival recession (loss of attachment) in residents of Hartlepool (1.2ppm-2.0ppm) was more prevalent than York (0.15-0.2), even in our study prevalence of gingival bleeding in the low (33%) water fluoride area was lower than the moderate (39.8%) and high fluoride area (39.8%) whereas in 10-year summaries of the fluoridation study at Newburgh, it was reported that there was slightly but significantly more gingivitis in children of Kingston, the control city, than in children of Newburgh who had used fluoridated water for from seven to 10 years (13). While, Reddy et al (15) observed that the prevalence and severity of periodontitis was not influenced by fluoride content.…”

“…Moreover, the inhibition of bone resorption by fluoride in a variety of model systems suggests that a high F intake might protect against alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease (4). Zimmerman et al (5) compared the oral health status of residents of two areas with high (8 ppm) and low (0.4ppm) fluoride concentration and concluded that no significant difference was found between the regions for amount of gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption. Russell (6) and Englander (7) both detected a lower percentage of adults with pockets in the fluoridated community than that of the non fluoridated community.…”

Fluorosis and periodontium: A report of our institutional studies

“…In general, a higher level of gingival inflammation has been observed in fluorosis than in nonfluorosis areas. [21][22][23] However, several studies have found no difference in periodontal conditions between fluoride and nonfluoride areas, [24,25] better gingival conditions in fluoride compared with nonfluoride areas have been reported by others. [26,27] The possible reasons for susceptibility of the population residing in high-fluoride areas to periodontal disease can be ascertained from both medical and dental literature:…”