Oral cancer aetiopathogenesis; past, present and future aspects

Scully, Crispian

doi:10.4317/medoral.16.e306

Cited by 101 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As for the 5-year survival rate for oral cancer, it was found to be directly associated to pathological stage at the time of diagnosis. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment then remain the main keys in decreasing the incidence and improving the overall survival rates of patients diagnosed with this disease (Scully, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Differential Promoter Hypermethylated Genes in Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Heah

Froemming

Zain

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Promoter hypermethylation leads to altered gene functions and may result in malignant cellular transformation. Thus, identification of biomarkers for hypermethylated genes could be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Objectives: To screen hypermethylated genes with a microarray approach and to validate selected hypermethylated genes with the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSPCR). Materials and Methods: Genome-wide analysis of normal oral mucosa and OSCC tissues was conducted using the Illumina methylation microarray. The specified differential genes were selected and hypermethylation status was further verified with an independent cohort sample of OSCC samples. Candidate genes were screened using microarray assay and run by MSPCR analysis. Results: TP73, PIK3R5, and CELSR3 demonstrated high percentages of differential hypermethylation status. Conclusions: Our microarray screening and MSPCR approaches revealed that the signature candidates of differentially hypermethylated genes may possibly become potential biomarkers which would be useful for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets of OSCC in the near future.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Differential Promoter Hypermethylated Genes in Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Heah

Froemming

Zain

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combined effects of tobacco abuse and alcohol consumption are found to be multiplicative. Compared with persons who neither drink nor smoke, the risk of developing OSCC is increased 80 fold in persons with the highest level of smoking and alcohol consumption [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear pleomorphism-based cytopathological grading in human oral neoplasm

Mohanta¹,

Prafulla²

2017

Russ. Open Med. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective -The objective of the present study is record the nuclear pleomorphism in various stages of oral carcinogenesis and to analyse their utility in cytopathological grading for early detection of human oral cancer Material and Methods -In this hospital based case-control study, oral site, age-group and sex-matched 272 subjects (136 cases and 136 normal healthy individuals) were included. Scraped exfoliated cytosmears were collected from the affected oral site of the subjects and smearing was done in the pre-cleaned-coded glass-slides. Two such slides were prepared from each subject. The cytosmears were immediately fixed in aceto-alcohol (1 part of glacial acetic acid: 3 part of absolute ethyl alcohol) fixative. One set of the slide was stained with Papanicolaou's stain and the other set was counter-stained with Giemsa's Solution for cytopathological analysis. Test of proportion (ztest) was followed and the critical ratio (z-value) was calculated for the test of significance. Results -Nuclear pleomorphism in the form of round, oval, spindle, elongated fiber as well as irregular shapes were mostly observed in oral squamous cells during different stages of carcinogenesis. Appearance of such nuclear pleomorphism in human oral neoplasm may be considered as a sign of cellular alternation in general and index of oral carcinogenesis in particular. In the present study, the frank malignant cases mimic to be either premalignant lesions or benign/carcinoma in situ were detected on the basis of nuclear pleomorphismbased cytopathological grading and so an increasing trend was observed from precancerous lesions to malignant cases due to shifting of numbers. Diagnostic tests also indicated that the Sensitivity was calculated to be 83.5%, Specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 30% and the accuracy was found to be 84.6%. Therefore, the nuclear pleomorphismbased cytopathological grading system makes itself an ideal screening test for early detection of human oral cancer. Conclusion -Pattern of nuclear pleomorphism corresponding to various cytological atypias is a common feature observed during different stages of oral carcinogenesis and thus, it has a practical implication in grading and early detection of oral cancer.

show abstract

“…Other tobacco-generated carcinogens include tobaccospecific nitrosamines (TSNAs, e.g. NNN, NNK, NAT and NAB), and free radicals that can inhibit antioxidant enzymes (such as, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) (Scully, 2011). This specific antioxidant enzyme activity loss renders the oral epithelial cells more vulnerable to the harmful effects of both thiocyanate ions and hydroxyl free radicals produced by residual H 2 O 2 in the presence of salivary redox-active metal ions.…”

Section: Tobacco Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although alcoholic consumption is often cited as a known risk factor of oral cavity cancer (Altieri et al, 2004;Scully, 2011;Szymańska et al, 2011), some studies did find alcohol was not associated with an elevated risk of oral cavity cancer (Takács et al, 2011;Yen et al, 2008). One possible explanation for the seeming contradiction may be that different studies defined alcohol consumption differently.…”

Section: Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer is the result of DNA mutations occurring spontaneously and from the action of different mutagens. A sequence of genetic changes leads finally to loss of growth control and immortality (Scully, 2011). Together with these changes are mechanisms that metabolise carcinogens, repair DNA damage, control growth, and defend the human body against cancer.…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation