Oral cancer: Indian pandemic

Gupta, Bhawna; Johnson, N. W.

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.293

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The global incidence of all HNCs has been estimated to be 4–6 × 10 5 with the mortality rate of 2.2–3 × 10 5 per year 3 . In Southeast Asian countries, notably India 4 , the occurrence of HNC is high among male population 5 and is associated with late diagnosis as well as poor prognosis. With the advancement of surgical 6 and radiation therapies 7 the quality of HNC patient’s life has improved over the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAK2–c-Myc–PKM2 axis plays an essential role in head and neck oncogenesis via regulating Warburg effect

et al. 2018

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The histone modifiers (HMs) are crucial for chromatin dynamics and gene expression; however, their dysregulated expression has been observed in various abnormalities including cancer. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of HMs in microarray profiles of head and neck cancer (HNC), wherein a highly significant overexpression of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) was identified which was further validated in HNC patients. The elevated expression of PAK2 positively correlated with enhanced cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis and chemoresistance and was associated with the poor clinical outcome of HNC patients. Further, dissection of molecular mechanism revealed an association of PAK2 with c-Myc and c-Myc-dependent PKM2 overexpression, wherein we showed that PAK2 upregulates c-Myc expression and c-Myc thereby binds to PKM promoter and induces PKM2 expression. We observed that PAK2–c-Myc–PKM2 axis is critical for oncogenic cellular proliferation. Depletion of PAK2 disturbs the axis and leads to downregulation of c-Myc and thereby PKM2 expression, which resulted in reduced aerobic glycolysis, proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance of HNC cells. Moreover, the c-Myc complementation rescued PAK2 depletion effects and restored aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion in PAK2-depleted cells. The global transcriptome analysis of PAK2-depleted HNC cells revealed the downregulation of various genes involved in active cell proliferation, which indicates that PAK2 overexpression is critical for HNC progression. Together, these results suggest that the axis of PAK2–c-Myc–PKM2 is critical for HNC progression and could be a therapeutic target to reduce the cell proliferation and acquired chemoresistance and might enhance the efficacy of standard chemotherapy which will help in better management of HNC patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAK2–c-Myc–PKM2 axis plays an essential role in head and neck oncogenesis via regulating Warburg effect

et al. 2018

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“…It can either be taken regularly ie one tablet per day, or only taken when needed, just prior to or following intercourse. The PROUD study 3 indicated that there was a relative risk reduction of obtaining HIV of 86% in high risk sexual intercourse.…”

Section: High-risk Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, information alone -I find often interpreted as lecturing and condescending -rarely induces behaviour change. 3 With this in mind, we should not lose momentum and loudly and publicly continue to lobby government to introduce regulation to curb processed junk food in general, especially when targeted to the most precious and impressionable in our society, the best asset we have, our children. Oral cancer…”

Section: Bombarded Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Improved public health education and promotion is vital, as are top down policy approaches such as those of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, extended to include all forms of smokeless tobacco. Much excellent work on the control of the continuing pandemic of oral cancer in India is ongoing 3 and we write to draw these issues to the attention of clinicians, public health specialists and policy makers. Patient support…”

Section: Indian Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is likely that the main reason for considering the use of an alternative to Duraphat would be when a patient has an established allergy to colophony (a constituent of pink sticking plaster) and again, this should be clearly explained to the parent/guardian and recorded in the patient notes. ' 3 Both fluoride varnishes Duraphat and Profluorid contain colophony. Therefore they are contraindicated in patients with known allergies to colophony.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child dental health: Bombarded children

Nolan

2017

Br Dent J

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Feasibility of Training Community Health Workers in the Detection of Oral Cancer

Thampi

Hariprasad

John³

et al. 2022

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEVisual screening for oral cancer has been found to be useful in a large randomized clinical trial in Kerala, India, showing substantial reduction in mortality. To address the shortage of medical personnel in resource-deficient regions, using the services of community health workers has been proposed as a strategy to fill the gap in human resources in health care. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of community health workers in screening and early detection of oral cancer using a mobile application capturing system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA cross-sectional study using a household sample was conducted in 10 areas of Gautam Budhnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 31, 2020, to March 31, 2021, to assess the feasibility of identification of oral lesions by community health workers using a mobile phone application compared with diagnosis by trained dentists in a screening clinic.Men and women aged 30 years or older as well as tobacco users younger than 30 years were eligible for screening. INTERVENTIONS Screening by trained community health workers vs dentists.RESULTS A total of 1200 participants were screened by the community health workers during their home visits; of these, 1018 participants (526 [51.7%] men; mean [SD] age, 35 [16] years) were also referred and screened by the dentists a clinic. There was near-perfect agreement (κ = 0.9) between the findings of the community health workers and the dentists in identifying the positive or negative cases with overall sensitivity of 96.69% (95% CI, 94.15%-98.33%) and specificity of identification of 98.69% (95% CI, 97.52%-99.40%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cross-sectional study, trained community health workers were able after initial supervision by qualified dentists to perform oral cancer screening programs. These findings suggest that community health workers can perform this screening in resourceconstrained settings.

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Oral cancer: Indian pandemic

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

PAK2–c-Myc–PKM2 axis plays an essential role in head and neck oncogenesis via regulating Warburg effect

PAK2–c-Myc–PKM2 axis plays an essential role in head and neck oncogenesis via regulating Warburg effect

Child dental health: Bombarded children

Feasibility of Training Community Health Workers in the Detection of Oral Cancer

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