Oral candidiasis

Millsop, Jillian Wong; Fazel, Nasim

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022

Cited by 279 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Oral thrush is considered to be the most common form of candidiasis and C. albicans has been found in >80% of oral mucosal lesions, followed by other non‐albicans Candida species, including C. glabrata , C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis . Moreover, one must always consider the contribution of mixed populations of these species to this widespread disease . Various candidal species have the potential to colonize the oral cavity before subsequent systemic invasion, which occurs as a consequence of interactions and cooperation between virulence factors.…”

Section: Candida Yeasts—common Fungal Pathogens In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, one must always consider the contribution of mixed populations of these species to this widespread disease. 24,25 Various candidal species have the potential to colonize the oral cavity before subsequent systemic invasion, which occurs as a consequence of interactions and cooperation between virulence factors. Hence, these species need to be thoroughly identified and characterized to understand their role in the battle between pathogens and the host, which is constantly ongoing in the mouth.…”

Section: Candida Yeasts-common Fungal Pathogens In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular proteinases of Candida species pathogenic yeasts

Rapała‐Kozik

Bocheńska

Zając

et al. 2018

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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The increased incidence of severe disseminated infections caused by the opportunistic yeast-like fungi Candida spp. highlights the urgent need for research into the major virulence factors of these pathogens-extracellular aspartic proteinases of the candidapepsin and yapsin families. Classically, these enzymes were considered to be generally destructive factors that damage host tissues and provide nutrients for pathogen propagation. However, in recent decades, novel and more specific functions have been suggested for extracellular candidal proteinases. These include contributions to cell wall maintenance and remodeling, the formation of polymicrobial biofilms, adhesion to external protective barriers of the host, the deregulation of host proteolytic cascades (such as the complement system, blood coagulation and the kallikrein-kinin system), a dysregulated host proteinase-inhibitor balance, the inactivation of host antimicrobial peptides, evasion of immune responses and the induction of inflammatory mediator release from host cells. Only a few of these activities recognized in Candida albicans candidapepsins have been also confirmed in other Candida species, and characterization of Candida glabrata yapsins remains limited.

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Section: Candida Yeasts—common Fungal Pathogens In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Candida Yeasts-common Fungal Pathogens In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular proteinases of Candida species pathogenic yeasts

Rapała‐Kozik

Bocheńska

Zając

et al. 2018

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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“…Local and systemic problems could cause an overgrowth of Candida species and oral candidiasis, such as defective prosthesis, misuse of denture, long-term use of corticosteroid and broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunodeficiency, and etc. [186].…”

Section: Dds For Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment

et al. 2020

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The oral cavity is a unique complex ecosystem colonized with huge numbers of microorganism species. Oral cavities are closely associated with oral health and sequentially with systemic health. Many factors might cause the shift of composition of oral microbiota, thus leading to the dysbiosis of oral micro-environment and oral infectious diseases. Local therapies and dental hygiene procedures are the main kinds of treatment. Currently, oral drug delivery systems (DDS) have drawn great attention, and are considered as important adjuvant therapy for oral infectious diseases. DDS are devices that could transport and release the therapeutic drugs or bioactive agents to a certain site and a certain rate in vivo. They could significantly increase the therapeutic effect and reduce the side effect compared with traditional medicine. In the review, emerging recent applications of DDS in the treatment for oral infectious diseases have been summarized, including dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and oral candidiasis. Furthermore, oral stimuli-responsive DDS, also known as "smart" DDS, have been reported recently, which could react to oral environment and provide more accurate drug delivery or release. In this article, oral smart DDS have also been reviewed. The limits have been discussed, and the research potential demonstrates good prospects.Molecules 2020, 25, 516 2 of 29 problems. For example, systemic antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam antibiotics, nitroimidazoles have been used, especially in cases of periodontal diseases and peri-implantitis [12]. However, systemic antibiotics could cause problems like drug resistance, dysbacteriosis, and systemic side effects [13,14]. The antibacterial effect is also limited as very little could arrive at the oral lesion area after systemic circulation [15][16][17]. Fluoride in drinking water has been used for the prevention of dental caries but might cause excessive intake, leading to fluorosis [18]. Therefore, local drug therapy is now more considered for oral infectious diseases [19,20]. However, the conventional forms of local therapy, like drug suspension or rinse of anti-infection agents, could be easily washed off and thus could not last long in the oral cavity. Complex local lesions like deep periodontal pockets and teeth fissure are also difficult to reach. In order to improve the effect of prophylaxis and treatment, more precise targeting therapy is quite essential [21,22]. Therefore, drug delivery systems have drawn great attention in recent decades in oral infectious diseases. Drug delivery systems (DDS) are devices that can transport and release the therapeutic agents or bioactive substances to certain sites at certain rates in vivo [23,24], usually composed of the carriers and associated therapeutics [25]. They have been widely explored in biomedical research. With local drug administration and controlled drug release, DDS could provide higher curative efficiency and fewer side effects [23,26,27]. With all these advantages, DDS has been reported w...

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“…In addition, infection can be widespread throughout the oral cavity and also commonly occurs at the commissure region 88 . Candidiasis can be confirmed by cytologic smear and/or biopsy with subsequent H&E and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining to visualize fungal hyphae 181 . Of note, patients that show evidence of candidiasis on clinical examination do not fulfill the BMS diagnostic criteria, as a diagnosis of BMS requires clinically normal appearing mucosa 178 .…”

Section: Key Features To Distinguish Ss From Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it Sjögren's syndrome or burning mouth syndrome? Distinct pathoses with similar oral symptoms

Aljanobi

Sabharwal

Krishnakumar

et al. 2017

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

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Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) and Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) typically present in post-menopausal women. Although these conditions have significantly different etiopathogeneses, patients with SS or BMS often present with analogous oral complaints. The similarities between the two conditions have led to considerable confusion on the part of medical and dental practitioners, and those with BMS or SS often wait years to receive a diagnosis. Therefore, it is imperative for clinicians to understand the characteristic subjective and objective features of each disease and how these can be used to distinguish them. This review will discuss the proposed etiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnostic criteria, and patient management of SS and BMS. We also identify key differences between the two pathoses that aid in establishing the correct diagnosis. Recognition of the defining features of each condition will lead to reduced time to diagnosis and improved patient management for these poorly understood conditions.

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Oral candidiasis

Cited by 279 publications

References 55 publications

Extracellular proteinases of Candida species pathogenic yeasts

Extracellular proteinases of Candida species pathogenic yeasts

Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment

Is it Sjögren's syndrome or burning mouth syndrome? Distinct pathoses with similar oral symptoms

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