Oral Cavity and Candida albicans: Colonisation to the Development of Infection

Patel, Mrudula

doi:10.3390/pathogens11030335

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Candida albicans oral infection causes discomfort, pain, loss of taste, difficulty swallowing food and liquid, and poor nutrition. However, depending on the severity of the immunosuppression, systemic infections may develop and progress into severe and fatal conditions in 79% of cases due to lack of effective treatment [ 21 , 22 ] In these cases, yeasts form complex biofilms, which are a form of cellular organization between microorganisms that protect resident cells from the host’s immune response and antimicrobial substances [ 22 , 23 ]. Therefore, the ability of GA7 to reduce the burden of viable cells within a biofilm structure is highly relevant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Anti-NF-κB, Anti-Candida, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Natural Plant Hormones: Gibberellin A4 and A7

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Gibberellins (GA) are terpenoids that serve as important plant hormones by acting as growth and response modulators against injuries and parasitism. In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-NF-кB, anti-Candida, and antioxidant activity of gibberellin A4 (GA4) and A7 (GA7) compounds, and further determined their toxicity in vivo. Methods: GA4 and GA7 in vitro toxicity was determined by MTT method, and nontoxic concentrations were then tested to evaluate the GA4 and GA7 anti-NF-κB activity in LPS-activated RAW-luc macrophage cell culture (luminescence assay). GA4 in silico anti-NF-кB activity was evaluated by molecular docking with the software “AutoDock Vina”, “MGLTools”, “Pymol”, and “LigPlot+”, based on data obtained from “The Uniprot database”, “Protein Data Bank”, and “PubChem database”. The GA4 and GA7 in vitro anti-Candida effects against Candida albicans (MYA 2876) were determined (MIC and MFC). GA7 was also evaluated regarding the viability of C. albicans preformed biofilm (microplate assay). In vitro antioxidant activity of GA4 and GA7 was evaluated against peroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, hypochlorous acid, and reactive nitrogen species. GA4 and GA7 in vivo toxicity was determined on the invertebrate Galleria mellonella larvae model. Results: Our data show that GA4 at 30 µM is nontoxic and capable of reducing 32% of the NF-кB activation on RAW-luc macrophages in vitro. In vitro results were confirmed via molecular docking assay (in silico), since GA4 presented binding affinity to NF-кB p65 and p50 subunits. GA7 did not present anti-NF-кB effects, but exhibited anti-Candida activity with low MIC (94 mM) and MFC (188 mM) values. GA7 also presented antibiofilm properties at 940 mM concentration. GA4 did not present anti-Candida effects. Moreover, GA4 and GA7 showed antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals, but did not show scavenging activity against the other tested radicals. Both compounds did not affect the survival of G. mellonella larvae, even at extremely high doses (10 g/Kg). Conclusion: Our study provides preclinical evidence indicating that GA4 and GA7 have a favorable low toxicity profile. The study also points to GA4 and GA7 interference with the NF-кB via, anti-Candida activity, and a peroxyl radical scavenger, which we argue are relevant biological effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Anti-NF-κB, Anti-Candida, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Natural Plant Hormones: Gibberellin A4 and A7

et al. 2022

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“…Maintaining the M2 phenotype is key to maintaining immune tolerance. C. albicans induces the expression of EBI3 in M 2 and blocks the conversion of M2 to M1 phenotype induced by LPS, which may also be one of the mechanisms by which C. albicans induces immune tolerance (Patel, 2022).…”

Section: Candida Albicans Mediates Macrophages Immune Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

The advances in the regulation of immune microenvironment by Candida albicans and macrophage cross-talk

Zhao

Shang²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common causative agent of invasive fungal infections in hospitals. The body defends against and eliminates C. albicans infection by various mechanisms of immune response, and the latter mechanism of immune evasion is a major challenge in the clinical management of C. albicans infection. The role of macrophages in combating C. albicans infection has only recently been recognized, but the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review focuses on the interaction between C. albicans and macrophages (macrophages), which causes the body to generate an immune response or C. albicans immune escape, and then regulates the body’s immune microenvironment, to explore the effect of C. albicans virulence resistance vs. macrophage killing and clarify the role and mechanism of C. albicans pathogenesis. In general, a thorough understanding of the molecular principles driving antifungal drug resistance is essential for the development of innovative treatments that can counteract both existing and emerging fungal threats.

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“…About 80% of human bacterial infections are believed to be associated with biofilm-forming microorganisms (34). Several chronic infectious diseases including periodontitis, gingivitis, and dental caries in both children and adults are caused by opportunistic species of Streptococcus mutans, candida albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus (35)(36)(37). The microorganisms form biofilms on mucosal epithelial cells, dental surfaces, and orthodontic prosthetics (38).…”

Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Myrtus communis </em>Leaves: Source of Bioactives, Traditional Use and their Biological Properties

Mir¹

2023

Preprint

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Myrtus communis L., commonly known as true myrtle, is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean area. Since ancient times inhabitants of this area have been using it for its cultural and medicinal properties. Due to the high content of essential oil in its flowers, leaves and fruits, M. communis is an important medicinal and aromatic species from Myrtaceae family. Because of the presence of vast diversity of biomolecules in its aerial parts, it exhibits several biological properties of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer. There has been increasing scientific interest in the field to understand the pleotropic effects of its extracts or essential oils on various ailments and diseases. This purpose of this review is to summarizes the chemical composition, traditional uses, and biological activities of M. communis L. leaves documented in numerous recent studies.

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Oral Cavity and Candida albicans: Colonisation to the Development of Infection

Cited by 73 publications

References 124 publications

A Study on the Anti-NF-κB, Anti-Candida, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Natural Plant Hormones: Gibberellin A4 and A7

A Study on the Anti-NF-κB, Anti-Candida, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Natural Plant Hormones: Gibberellin A4 and A7

The advances in the regulation of immune microenvironment by Candida albicans and macrophage cross-talk

<em>Myrtus communis </em>Leaves: Source of Bioactives, Traditional Use and their Biological Properties

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