Oral cavity representation at the frontal operculum of macaque monkeys

Ogawa, Hisashi; Ito, Shin‐ichi; Nomura, Tomokiyo

doi:10.1016/0168-0102(89)90021-7

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is yet little evidence for these additional representations of teeth and tongue, except from Krubitzer et al (1995). However, neurons activated by tapping the teeth have been reported for the head portion of area VS and for a small portion of cortex caudal to S2 in owl monkeys (Cusick et al, 1989; for related observations on macaque monkeys, see also Ogawa et al, 1989;Ito and Ogawa, 1994).…”

Section: Et Al 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In part, this may reflect a peculiarity of the gustatory system, as the small percentage of taste-specific neurons in gustatory cortex of rats increased as qualifying criteria were broadened (Katz et al, 2001). Yet even neurons responsive to touch on the tongue appear to be rare and scattered over a large region of cortex in the lateral sulcus (Ogawa et al, 1989;Ito and Ogawa, 1994). A possible interpretation of such results is that the region of G in macaques and perhaps other primates is not a single area, but rather recordings have been from a number of adjoining and nearby areas, each with a portion devoted to processing tactile and/or taste information from the tongue, while much of each area is devoted to other sensory inputs from other parts of the mouth, face, and body, or from other modalities such as temperature or pain.…”

Section: What About Area G and Orbitofrontal Taste Cortex?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Kaas

Iyengar

2006

Anat. Rec.

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Sensory information from the tongue and teeth is used to evaluate and distinguish food and nonfood items in the mouth, reject some and masticate and swallow others. While it is known that primates have a complex array of 10 or more somatosensory areas that contribute to the analysis of sensory information from the hand, less is known about what cortical areas are involved in processing information from receptors of the tongue and teeth. The tongue contains taste receptors, as well as mechanoreceptors. Afferents from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors of the tongue access different ascending systems in the brainstem. However, it is uncertain how these two sources of information are processed in cortex. Here the parts of somatosensory areas 3b, 3a, and presumptive 1 that represent the mechanoreceptors of the teeth and tongue are identified, and evidence is presented that the representations of the tongue also get information from the taste nucleus of the thalamus, VPMpc. As areas 3b, 3a, and 1 project to other areas of somatosensory cortex, and those areas to additional areas, some or all of the currently defined somatosensory areas of cortex may be involved in processing gustatory, as well as tactile, information from the tongue and thus have a role in the biologically important function of evaluating food in the mouth. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: somatosensory cortex; area 3b; ventroposterior nucleus; parietal cortex; taste; gustatory system Sensory inputs from the tongue and teeth are obviously very important to the health and survival of most mammals. Based on inputs from receptors in the tongue and periodontal receptors around the teeth, distinctions are made between food and nonfood objects in the mouth, how much pressure can be delivered via the teeth on such items in the mouth, and how to guide tongue and jaw movements in food processing (Jacobs et al., 1998). For judgments about the desirability of food objects, taste information is integrated with somatosensory information on texture, compliance, and item size. Thus, inputs from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors in the mouth, in part, must be evaluated together in order to facilitate the basic function of eating. But where and how is this done? As neocortex is obviously important in the processing of sensory information, how are sensory systems, which are related to sensory afferents from the tongue and teeth, organized at the cortical level? Given the obvious importance of this issue, it may come as a surprise that little is known about the anatomical framework in cortex for processing information, and most of this understanding is focused on the cortical processing of taste. Because the system for processing somatosensory information at the cortical level has been well studied in monkeys, and many of the recent studies of cortical structures related to taste have been in monkeys, this review is focused on these primates. We argue that it is likely that the rather extensive cortical network for processing tactile information from the...

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Section: Et Al 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What About Area G and Orbitofrontal Taste Cortex?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Kaas

Iyengar

2006

Anat. Rec.

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“…Convergent responses to laryngeal and tongue stimulation were obtained in the same region, anterior to S1, so the authors viewed this region as motor cortex (O'Brien et al 1971). However, others have regarded the inferior precentral cortex as area 3 extending anterior and lateral from the tip of the central sulcus and providing either the sensory representation of the ipsilateral intraoral region (Manger et al 1996) or a taste-related region Ogawa et al 1985Ogawa et al , 1989Pritchard et al 1986). Thus the possibility remains that the vagal potential site in monkey sensorimotor cortex is also located in area 3a.…”

Section: Comparison With Prior Vagal-evoked Potential Studies In Othementioning

confidence: 99%

Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex

Ito

Craig

2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Penfield's sensory homunculus included visceral organs at its lateral extreme, and vagal input was recently identified lateral to the intraoral representation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of rats. We tested whether vagal input is similarly located in cats where area 3b (equivalent to S1) is clearly distinguishable from adjacent regions. Field potentials were recorded from the intact dura over the left hemisphere using electrical stimulation of the left or right cervical vagus nerve in seven cats. A surface positive-negative potential was evoked from either side in the lateral part of the sigmoid gyrus. Finer mapping made at the pial surface with a microelectrode identified a focal site anteromedial to the anterior tip of the coronal sulcus. Depth recordings demonstrated polarity reversals and multi-unit vagal responses, indicating that the potentials were generated by an afferent activation focus in the middle layers of the cortex. The S1 mechanoreceptive representation was localized by mapping multi-unit somatosensory receptive fields in the middle cortical layers near the coronal sulcus. The vagal-evoked potential site was distinctly anterior to the intraoral S1 representation and adjacent to the masseteric-nerve-evoked potential focus. Lesions made at the focal site revealed that this site is cytoarchitectonically located in area 3a not area 3b. Thus vagal input to the sensorimotor cortex in cats resembles deep rather than cutaneous somatic input, similar to the localization of nociceptive-specific input to area 3a in monkeys. The possibilities are considered that this vagal input is involved in motor control and in the sensory experience of visceral afferent activity.

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“…Also in that study, the tongue representation was likely to receive an additive projection from the lateral surface of the frontal operculum near the lateral sulcus, although the investigators did not particularly emphasize this. This region may presumably correspond to the precentral extension of area 3, which was also implicated in gustatory function [22,23].…”

Section: Representation Of Orofacial Structures In Area 3bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ventral Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Primate Brain: Innate Neural Interface for Dexterous Orofacial Motor Control

Tsuruo

Kudo

2015

Interface Oral Health Science 2014

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Studies using nonhuman primates have made marked contributions to our understanding of the anatomy and function of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). Its ventral or inferolateral part (vSI) represents orofacial structures, such as the lips, periodontium, tongue, palate, chewing musculature, etc. This brain region is neurally interconnected with the ventral part of the primary motor cortex that executes voluntary orofacial movements. Also within the vSI, regions representing different orofacial structures are interconnected with each other. Therefore, in selfgenerated actions, the vSI plays a crucial role in coordinating motor control of a set of structures that are functionally related: the vSI serves as an interface not only between orofacial structures and the external environment but also between the orofacial structures themselves. In this article, we will chiefly review the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies on the monkey vSI from the viewpoint of motor control or stereognostic ability. Future physiological studies that analyze the spatiotemporal spiking pattern of vSI neurons during various behaviors in monkeys should reveal the principles of information coding and might significantly benefit future applications of brain-machine-brain interface (BMBI) technology.

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Oral cavity representation at the frontal operculum of macaque monkeys

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex

The Ventral Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Primate Brain: Innate Neural Interface for Dexterous Orofacial Motor Control

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