Oral Contraceptive Use and Risks of Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Michels, Kara A.; Brinton, Louise A.; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Trabert, Britton

doi:10.1093/aje/kwx388

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our finding of no association with parity is consistent with findings from the pooled analyses of the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph), which included 3,816 cases and 5,151 controls from 18 studies (40). We observed null results for oral contraception, in accordance with previous studies (16,23,24). Postmenopausal hormone therapy has yielded contradictory findings.…”

Section: Missing Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Women From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition

Costas

Luján-Barroso

Benavente

et al. 2018

American Journal of Epidemiology

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The role of hormonal factors in the etiology of lymphoid neoplasms remains unclear. Previous studies have yielded conflicting results, have lacked sufficient statistical power to assess many lymphoma subtypes, or have lacked detailed information on relevant exposures. Within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, we analyzed comprehensive data on reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use collected at baseline (1992-2000) among 343,458 women, including data on 1,427 incident cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and its major subtypes identified after a mean follow-up period of 14 years (through 2015). We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariable proportional hazards modeling. Overall, we observed no statistically significant associations between parity, age at first birth, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, or ever use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of B-cell NHL or its subtypes. Women who had undergone surgical menopause had a 51% higher risk of B-cell NHL (based on 67 cases) than women with natural menopause (hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.94). Given that this result may have been due to chance, our results provide little support for the hypothesis that sex hormones play a role in lymphomagenesis.

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Section: Missing Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Women From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition

Costas

Luján-Barroso

Benavente

et al. 2018

American Journal of Epidemiology

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“…In general, some of the major risk factors for OC include Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome [7], Lynch syndrome [8], menopausal hormonal therapy [9,10], endometriosis [11], IVF treatment [12], use of fertility drugs [13], late menopause [14] and null parity [15]. Interestingly, high parity [16], hysterectomy [17] and usage of hormonal contraceptive pills for prolonged periods [18] are reported to have a protective effect since these conditions confer in the suppression of ovulatory cycles [19]. The sterilization treatment, tubal ligation is also reported to reduce the risk of OCs [17,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Classification and Targeted Therapy

Ravindran¹,

Choudhary²

2021

Ovarian Cancer - Updates in Tumour Biology and Therapeutics [Working Title]

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Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer among women with an overall 5-year survival rate below 50% due to its asymptomatic nature, diagnosis at advanced stages, and a high recurrence rate after standard therapy in 70% of cases. Ovarian cancers are heterogenous cancers where each subtype possesses a varied morphology and biologic behavior. Accumulating evidence has identified each of these subtypes characterized with specific pathways activated in each along with specific gene alterations. For example, high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by universal TP53 mutation, mucinous ovarian cancer with KRAS mutation and clear cell or endometrioid ovarian cancers with ARID1A mutations. With the current focus of molecular-targeted therapies for cancer, such druggable markers serve as excellent targets for precision therapy and combination therapy. This chapter, provides an overview of the critical molecular pathways activated in the ovarian cancer subtypes with its druggable targets studied in ovarian cancer. We also highlight the implications of miRNAs in chemoresistance and sensitivity in the regulation of ovarian cancer.

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“…For instance, a study 14 was conducted on androgen concentrations and EOC risk by detecting the pre-diagnosis androgen levels of 1,331 EOC cases and 3,017 control cases, and the results showed that testosterone was positively associated with EOC risk. The use of exogenous androgen has been proven to increase the risk of EOC 15 - 17 and oral contraceptive use, characterized by decreased androgen levels, reduces the risk of EOC 18 , 19 . However, in the phase II clinical study of antiandrogen therapy for EOC, neither flutamide nor bicalutamide showed good antitumor effects and did not improve patient survival 20 - 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Plays a Carcinogenic Role in EOC via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in an AR-Dependent Manner

Li¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

J. Cancer

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Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common gynecological cancers with the highest mortality rate. Studies indicate that androgens contribute to initiation or progression of EOC through poorly understood mechanisms, however, in the phase II clinical studies of antiandrogen therapy for EOC, neither flutamide nor bicalutamide showed good antitumor effects. Based on the contradictions, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of androgen receptor (AR) in the androgen pathogenesis of EOC and the possible mechanism, and further to find an indicator to screen the anti-androgen therapy sensitive cases. Methods: In this study, 70 EOC biopsies and 17 para-cancerous tissues with complete medical information were collected and analyzed. The expression of the androgen receptor (AR) was detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, ovarian cancer cell lines were used for in vitro studies to further explore the role of androgen in cell proliferation and the possible mechanisms. Results: The results showed that the expression of AR in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly elevated compared to the para-cancerous tissues, particularly in low-grade EOC, and the presence of high AR expression often suggested a worse prognosis. The in vitro study indicated that testosterone promoted the proliferation of the AR-positive SKOV3 cell line, which could be blocked by flutamide, but not in the AR-negative A2780 cell line. Next, we showed that testosterone-promoted proliferation in SKOV3 cells was abolished after we knocked out the AR. The mechanism studies revealed that the p-AKT expression in the ovarian cancer tissue was increased compared to the para-cancerous tissues, following a pattern similar to the increase of AR expression. Furthermore, the deletion and overexpression of SKOV3 cells' ARs lead to corresponding changes in the p-AKT levels. In addition, the BEZ235, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway blocked the proliferative effect of testosterone in SKOV3 cells. Conclusion: We showed that testosterone was able to promote the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in an AR dependent manner and AR may be a screening indicator for anti-androgen therapy sensitive cases of EOC.

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Oral Contraceptive Use and Risks of Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Women From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition

Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Women From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition

Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Classification and Targeted Therapy

Androgen Plays a Carcinogenic Role in EOC via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in an AR-Dependent Manner

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