Oral Contraceptive Use as a Risk Factor for Premenopausal Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

Kahlenborn, Chris; Modugno, Francesmary; Potter, Douglas M.; Severs, Walter B.

doi:10.4065/81.10.1290

Cited by 190 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Another 42.5% were indecisive about oral contraceptive use as a risk factor. The meta-analysis by Kahlenborn et al (2006) revealed a small significant risk increase for premenopausal breast cancer among women who used combined oral contraceptives. Nevertheless, the absolute risk was very small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer: Knowledge and Perceptions of Chinese Women in Hong Kong

Yan¹

2009

GJHS

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This study explored the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and employed the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine the perception and barriers of breast cancer screenings of Hong Kong Chinese women using a structured questionnaire. Of the 496 respondents, 70.8% and 77.0% considered a family history of breast cancer and prior history of benign beast problems as risk factors respectively. However, over 40% were unsure of other risk factors including age, early age at menstruation, late age at menopause, childlessness and oral contraceptive use. About 80% regarded breast cancer as a serious illness and 88.7% acknowledged that both mammography and breast self examination (BSE) could help early detection of the disease. Nevertheless about 68% had never had a mammogram, and the most important perceived barriers were not knowing how the test was done (81.3%) and the cost (63.0%). Only 31.9% did not practice BSE, and not knowing how to perform BSE was the primary perceived barrier.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer: Knowledge and Perceptions of Chinese Women in Hong Kong

Yan¹

2009

GJHS

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“…Although a modest increase in breast cancer risk among current oral contraceptive users has been reported in a large pooled analysis and a meta-analysis (17,49), not all studies have observed this increased risk. In the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study and a previous Los Angeles case-control study of women ages V40 years, breast cancer risk was not associated with oral contraceptive use overall (36,50).…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention Cancer Epidemiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reproductive Factors and Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer Risk inBRCA1/2Mutation Carriers and Noncarriers: Results from a Population-Based Study

Lee

McKean‐Cowdin

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Multiparity and breast-feeding reduce breast cancer risk, whereas oral contraceptive use may slightly increase breast cancer risk in the general population. However, the effects of these factors in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are less clear. Methods: Case patients were 1,469 women from Los Angeles County ages 20 to 49 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Control subjects were 444 women without breast cancer, individually matched to a subset of cases on race, age, and neighborhood. BRCA1/2 genes were sequenced in the cases, and odds ratios of breast cancer associated with various reproductive and hormonal factors in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and noncarriers were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Ninety-four women had a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Number of full-term pregnancies was inversely associated with breast cancer risk

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“…Whereas the study in Great Britain revealed weight gain, cardiovascular and cancer risks among users of contraceptives were associated with complications of contraceptives [37]. Besides that also side effects of contraceptives have been reported among the literature reviewed [41]. For example, Williamson et al [35] have argued that the major concerns is over experienced and perceived side effects of hormonal contraceptive methods, particularly menstrual disruption and risks associated with cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Modern Contraceptives for Family Planning in Urban Setting: Kitunda Ward of Ilala Municipal, Dar-es-Salaam City, Tanzania

Kessy¹,

Kayombo²

2015

OALib

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Background: Tanzania is one of countries with low rate (34%) on utilization of contraceptives when compared with developed and other developing countries. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the current use of contraceptives among women of reproductive age (15 -49 years) in urban areas as case study, and evaluate barriers on utilization of contraceptives at Kitunda ward, Ilala Municipal, Dar-es-Salaam city. Study Design: The study was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred women of reproductive age (15 -49 years) were interviewed using structured questionnaires for data collection. Two research assistants assisted researchers to interview the sampled child bearing age women. Data Analysis: The collected data were entered in a computer and were analyzed using EPI Info software version 6.0. Results: A total of 300 women were interviewed; 71.9% were of age ranged 18 -35 years; and 50.5% had secondary and college education. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 70%, and injectables ranked first (30.8%) followed by pills (27.7%). Other contraceptive methods used were calendar, rhythm and condoms. Socio-demographic characteristics of women were found to associate with contraceptive use. The most common barriers on utilization of the contraceptives reported include disruption in menstrual cycle, headache, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is recommended that there should be an agent need of increasing knowledge by seminar on utilization of all types of contraceptives that spells the usefulness and possible side effects like to occur to users of contraceptives and where to seek health services when such problems occur. This will help users of contraceptive users to have an informed choice which is contraceptive to use for family planning. Above all traditional herbs used for FP should be scientifically studied on their safety and efficacy. They may provide an alternative to present contraceptives that have shown to have side effects.

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Oral Contraceptive Use as a Risk Factor for Premenopausal Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

Cited by 190 publications

References 119 publications

Breast Cancer: Knowledge and Perceptions of Chinese Women in Hong Kong

Breast Cancer: Knowledge and Perceptions of Chinese Women in Hong Kong

Effect of Reproductive Factors and Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer Risk inBRCA1/2Mutation Carriers and Noncarriers: Results from a Population-Based Study

Utilization of Modern Contraceptives for Family Planning in Urban Setting: Kitunda Ward of Ilala Municipal, Dar-es-Salaam City, Tanzania

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