Oral delivery of a DNA vaccine against tuberculosis using operator-repressor titration in a Salmonella enterica vector

Identification and characterization of Bacillus subtilis from grass carp (Ctenopharynodon idellus) for use as probiotic additives in aquatic feed

“…Furthermore, the spores have the abilities to survive and germinate in the gut, to form biofilm, and to secrete antimicrobials [4,9,10]. Finally, extensive investigations confirmed that B. subtilis is an attractive vehicle for delivery of heterologous antigens to gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that B. subtilis can be used as oral vaccine delivery system to enhance immune responses and prevent diseases [11].…”

DNA vaccines against tuberculosis

“…Specific T-cell responses and protection against Mtb challenge were induced with DNA doses at least 100-fold lower that those needed for intramuscular immunization. Oral delivery of a Salmonella-vectored pDNA encoding MPT64 has also been investigated [96].…”

Immunologic Basis of Vaccine Vectors

“…A potential issue for bacterial vaccine vectors given orally, is the concern that the heterologous gene, if present on a plasmid, could be transferred to other bacteria (Zhang et al, 2008). In addition, for bacterial delivery of plasmid DNA vaccines, high copy plasmid numbers are generally used, and these may be unstable (Huang et al, 2010). DNA and RNA Vectors DNA, RNA and oligonucleotides have been directly delivered into cells in vitro as a means to have recombinant proteins expressed in situ, or to affect the synthesis of endogenously encoded proteins (such as with the delivery of siRNA).…”