Oral diadochokinetic rates across languages: Multilingual speakers comparison

Abstract

Background: It is unclear whether oral diadochokinetic rate (oral-DDK) performance is affected by different languages within a multilingual country. Aims: This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and stimulus type (real word in L1, L2 vs. non-word) on oral-DDK rates among healthy Malaysian-Malay speakers in order to establish language-and age-sensitive norms. The second aim was to compared the nonword 'pataka' oral-DDK rates produced by Malaysian-Malay speakers on currently available normative data for Hebrew speakers and Malaysian-Mandarin speakers.Methods & Procedures: Oral-DDK performance of 90 participants (aged 20-77 years) using nonword ('pataka'), Malay real word ('patahkan'), and English real word ('buttercake') was audio recorded. The number of syllables produced in 8 seconds was calculated. Mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of stimulus type (nonword, Malay, and English real word), sex (male, female), age (younger, 20-40 years; middle, 41-60 years; older, ≥61 years), and their interactions on the oral-DDK rate. Data obtained were also compared with the raw data of Malaysian-Mandarin and Hebrew speakers from the previous studies. Outcomes & Results:A normative oral-DDK rate has been established for healthy Malaysian-Malay speakers. The oral-DDK rate was significantly affected by stimuli (p < 0.001). Malay real word showed the slowest rate, whereas there was no significant difference between English real word and nonword. The 1026

Impact of oral motor task training on corticomotor pathways and diadochokinetic rates in young healthy participants

“…TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation using different programs. 10,15 Our results also showed oral DDK rate differences among a sequence of Pa, Ta, and Ka single syllable repetition, with the Ka syllable presenting significantly lower values than Pa and Ta (Figure 5A,B). These findings agree with a previous study using a similar dynamic simulation of speech in which a normal adult speaker provided a DDK rate ranging between 5 and 7 syllables per second, with a slower repetition rate of Ka than Ta or Pa. 8 The vocalisation of the syllables Pa, Ta, and Ka activates and improves orofacial muscles as the training days progressed.…”

“…The oral diadochokinetic (DDK) rate, or the number of syllables spoken in a given period, has been frequently used to assess neuromotor abnormalities and orofacial motor control impairments that precede impairment in speech and masticatory functions 8,9 . Abnormal DDK rate performance might indicate central or peripheral nervous system disorders 10 . Oral DDK rate is also suited to reveal an improvement of basic motor capabilities and language after specific OMT 8 .…”

“…Oral DDK rate is also suited to reveal an improvement of basic motor capabilities and language after specific OMT 8 . This quantitative analysis must be done carefully by comparing the individual's speech task performance because different kinds of articulators, such as the upper and lower lips, jaw, and tongue musculatures are precisely coordinated in the speech production and oral function for different muscles and phonetic stimuli 9–13 . Investigating this muscular cooperative mechanism is imperative not only for constructing speech models but also for assessing the neural activity involved in speech production and basic oral motor capabilities 14–16 .…”

“…8,9 Abnormal DDK rate performance might indicate central or peripheral nervous system disorders. 10 Oral DDK rate is also suited to reveal an improvement of basic motor capabilities and language after specific OMT. 8 This quantitative analysis must be done carefully by comparing the individual's speech task performance because different kinds of articulators, such as the upper and lower lips, jaw, and tongue musculatures are precisely coordinated in the speech production and oral function for different muscles and phonetic stimuli.…”

“…8 This quantitative analysis must be done carefully by comparing the individual's speech task performance because different kinds of articulators, such as the upper and lower lips, jaw, and tongue musculatures are precisely coordinated in the speech production and oral function for different muscles and phonetic stimuli. [9][10][11][12][13] Investigating this muscular cooperative mechanism is imperative not only for constructing speech models but also for assessing the neural activity involved in speech production and basic oral motor capabilities. [14][15][16] The PaTaKaRa™ app is a modern, innovative, and reproducible method for checking oral frailty status and improving the oral function using a series of single syllables (i.e., Pa, Ta, and Ka) pronounced as rapidly as possible.…”