Oral disorders in patients with chronic renal failure. Narrative review.

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the best known renal diseases. It is characterized by a deterioration in the overall renal function and is associated with other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis and autoimmune diseases. Patients with CRF show alterations of the masticatory system that are specific to the disease and other type of disorders as a result of treatment. Oral health in dialysis and transplant patients tends to be poor, which makes them more likely to develop pathological conditions in the oral cavity, potentially increasing morbidity, mortality and affecting the quality of life of patients. Among the lesions we can find dysgeusia, periodontitis, candidiasis, gingival bleeding, petechiae, and joint alterations. Gingivitis and xerostomia associated to long-term use medications can cause oral lesions. Children with CRF show two oral conditions of interest: high incidence of dental anomalies and low caries activity. In patients receiving a kidney transplant, previous dental treatment is critical because the immune status of the patient will be affected not only by the toxemia, but by the immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent transplant rejection. Therefore, the dentist plays an important role in training parents and/or guardians, doctors and paramedics on the treatment of oral lesions in these patients.

Oral health in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Salivary enzymes require an alkaline environment in the oral cavity. The buffering capacity of saliva was found to be significantly reduced in patients with chronic kidney diseases [11,12].…”

Alterações no paladar na doença renal crônica: elaboração de manual educativo

“…Depois da exclusão das duplicadas, 14 artigos foram selecionados para triagem, dois foram excluídos e 12 artigos foram elegíveis para a revisão teórica e embasamento do conteúdo do material educativo (Tabela 1). Autores Título Considerações/Temática Hernández C (2016) 6 .…”

“…Com isso, ocorre a baixa adesão às orientações nutricionais predispondo à desnutrição, declínio da qualidade de vida e mortalidade 5 . Hernández (2016) 6 cita em seu artigo de revisão narrativa que cerca de 90% dos pacientes com DRC possuem sintomas orais que afetam os ossos e os tecidos moles, além da assistência médica, odontológica, psicológica e condições socioeconômicas precárias que predispõem essa população aos problemas bucais, o que afeta significativamente a qualidade de vida.…”

Orofacial Manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure at Ahmed Gasim Hospital and Dr. Salma Center for Kidney Diseases. Khartoum

“…Also there was no signi cant difference (P>0.05) regarding the presence of orofacial manifestations and levels of Hemoglobin, urea and creatinine. Table (5).…”

“…Chronic renal failure can cause oral manifestations like any other systemic disease but can be reversed after kidney transplant [3] .Viral infections, leukoplakia , metallic test, burning sensations , uremic stomatitis and Xerostomia which was the most prevalence by 73.2% were recognized as oral lesions among chronic renal failure patients possibly due to disruption of the salivary gland and lung perfusion leading to mouth breathing [2,4,5,6] .…”