Oral Drug Delivery: Conventional to Long Acting New-Age Designs

Drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to temporally and spatially control drug availability and activity. They assist in improving the balance between on‐target therapeutic efficacy and off‐target toxic side effects. DDS aid in overcoming biological barriers encountered by drug molecules upon applying them via various routes of administration. They are furthermore increasingly explored for modulating the interface between implanted (bio)medical materials and host tissue. Herein, an overview of the biological barriers and host‐material interfaces encountered by DDS upon oral, intravenous, and local administration is provided, and material engineering advances at different time and space scales to exemplify how current and future DDS can contribute to improved disease treatment are highlighted.

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“…[ 14 ] They exist in many forms including tablets, capsules, nanocrystals, and dispersions. [ 15,16 ]…”

Section: Oral Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformative Materials for Interfacial Drug Delivery

Desai

Dasgupta

Sofias

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Enzymatic inhibition aims to cause any change in the protein conformation, usually by blocking its active site and limiting enzymatic activity. The main challenges in this process are designing molecules with high specificity and being able to act under physiologic conditions (Bhutani et al, 2021b). In this case, a large group of compounds is routinely submitted to screening assays as potential enzymatic inhibitors (Davies et al, 2021).…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of Enzyme Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-flow enzymatic inhibitor screening: The emerging success of liquid chromatography-based assays

et al. 2022

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Enzymes are targets commonly explored in screening assays aiming to discover new leads in the drug development process. Among the diverse assay models to identify new enzymatic inhibitors, on-flow assays based on liquid chromatography (LC) can be highlighted. In these approaches, the ligand-enzyme interaction can be examined by monitoring the catalytic activity or the affinity/retention. Most applications use the biological target immobilized in solid supports resulting in the acquisition of an immobilized enzymatic reactor (IMER). Coupling IMERs to LC or mass spectrometry (MS) systems allows monitoring enzyme activity online and studying binding events between target and ligands. On-flow screening assays present many advantages for the hit-to-lead process, such as the possibility of system automation, reusability, and high stability. This review covers articles from the last decade that combine the use of varied immobilization methods on different solid supports and several equipment setups in on-flow systems, emphasizing the performance and capacity of recognizing and identifying biologically active compounds in various matrices.

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“…After ingestion of a solid oral drug formulation and release of the drug substance throughout disintegration of the drug formulation, drug particles should have enough solubility in GI fluid to change into the solution phase, causing it to pass through the biological membrane and reach the systemic circulation. 5 The dissolution process of drug material in the GI lumen is a major element for drug absorption and as a result exploration of a pharmacological action. 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%