Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases

Sudhakara, Preethi; Gupta, Abishek; Bhardwaj, Anshumouli; Aruni, Wilson

doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0170.v1

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…gingivalis is associated with certain major systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, preterm birth and diabetes [29].…”

Section: Porphyromonas Gingivalis Sialidasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The periodontal pocket is a rich source of sialoglycoproteins, which are found in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid [38]. The enzyme "sialoglycoproteases" expose sialic acid by breaking down sialoglycoproteins [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Among the red complex bacteria, only the P. gingivalis genome codes for two sialoglycoprotease genes.…”

Section: P Gingivalis Sialoglycoproteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Sialoglycosidases in Virulence and Pathogenesis

Sudhakara¹,

Sellamuthu²,

Aruni³

2019

Preprint

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. In the U. S., approximately 65 million people are affected by this condition. Its occurrence is also associated with many important systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Among the most important etiologies of periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone bacterial pathogen. Keystone pathogens can orchestrate inflammatory disease by remodeling a normally benign microbiota causing imbalance between normal and pathogenic microbiota (dysbiosis). The important characteristics of P. gingivalis causing dysbiosis are its virulence factors that cause effective subversion of host defenses to its advantage [1], allowing other pathogens to grow. However, the mechanisms involving these processes are poorly understood. However, various microbial strategies target host sialoglycoproteins for immune dysregulation. In addition, the enzymes that break down sialoglycoproteins/sialoglycans are the “sialoglycoproteases”, resulting in exposed terminal sialic acid. This process could lead to pathogen-toll like receptor (TLR) interactions mediated through sialic acid receptor–ligand mechanisms. By assessing the function of P. gingivalis sialoglycoproteases, could pave the way to designing carbohydrate analogues and sialic acid mimetics to serve as drug targets.

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“…gingivalis is associated with certain major systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, preterm birth and diabetes [29].…”

Section: Porphyromonas Gingivalis Sialidasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P Gingivalis Sialoglycoproteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Sialoglycosidases in Virulence and Pathogenesis

Sudhakara¹,

Sellamuthu²,

Aruni³

2019

Preprint

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“…can lead to a state of dysbiosis. This state is associated with numerous oral diseases and disorders such as periodontitis, gingivitis, oral cancer, oral linchen planus, and dental caries [10][11][12][13]. Hence, it is important to maintain the equilibrium between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity, which is referred to as eubiosis [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral probiotic and its delivery carriers to improve oral health: A review

How

Yeo

2021

Microbiology

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In recent years, oral probiotics have been researched on their effectiveness in reducing and preventing oral diseases. Oral probiotics could be introduced into the oral cavity to keep the equilibrium of the microbiome. Hence, the delivery carrier for oral probiotics plays an important factor to ensure a high number of oral probiotics were delivered and released into the oral cavity. This review presents a brief overview of oral microbiota and the role of oral probiotics in reducing oral diseases. Moreover, important aspects of the oral probiotic product such as viability, adherence ability, health effects, safety, and delivery site were discussed. Besides that, the importance of utilizing indigenous oral probiotics was also emphasized. Oral probiotics are commonly found in the market in the form of chewing tablets, lozenges, and capsules. Hence, the oral probiotic carriers currently used in the market and research were reviewed. Furthermore, this review introduces new potential oral probiotic delivery carriers such as oral strip, bucco-adhesive gel, and mouthwash. Their effectiveness in delivering oral probiotics for oral health was also explored.

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“…15,16 Interaction of oral microbiomes with other microbiomes in various sites of human body, their implications in systemic pathologies (like esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, pneumonia, heart diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis), and its relationship to diabetes and Alzheimer's disease highlight the importance of engineering in vitro models that mimic oral cavity situation for better disease diagnosis and treatment. [17][18][19][20] Two review articles have been published thus far that investigate in vitro and in vivo model systems' potential for studying the human microbiome, but not oral mucosa equivalents. Coenye and Nelis drew attention to the tools that could be used for understanding medically relevant biofilms, while Werlang et al investigated the requirement of mucin mimetics for in vitro culture systems and modu-lation of microbial community structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-DimensionalIn VitroOral Mucosa Models of Fungal and Bacterial Infections

Tabatabaei

Moharamzadeh

Tayebi

2020

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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Oral mucosa is the target tissue for many microorganisms involved in periodontitis and other infectious diseases affecting the oral cavity. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro and ex vivo oral mucosa equivalents have been used for oral disease modeling and investigation of the mechanisms of oral bacterial and fungal infections. This review was conducted to analyze different studies using 3D oral mucosa models for the evaluation of the interactions of different microorganisms with oral mucosa. In this study, based on our inclusion criteria, 43 articles were selected and analyzed. Different types of 3D oral mucosa models of bacterial and fungal infections were discussed in terms of the biological system used, culture conditions, method of infection, and the biological endpoints assessed in each study. The critical analysis revealed some contradictory reports in this field of research in the literature. Challenges in recovering bacteria from oral mucosa models were further discussed, suggesting possible future directions in microbiomics, including the use of oral mucosa-on-a-chip. The potential use of these 3D tissue models for the evaluation of the effects of antiseptic agents on bacteria and oral mucosa was also addressed. This review concluded that there were many aspects that would require optimization and standardization with regard to using oral mucosal models for infection by microorganisms. Using new technologies-such as microfluidics and bioreactors-could help to reproduce some of the physiologically relevant conditions and further simulate the clinical situation.

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Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial Sialoglycosidases in Virulence and Pathogenesis

Bacterial Sialoglycosidases in Virulence and Pathogenesis

Oral probiotic and its delivery carriers to improve oral health: A review

Three-DimensionalIn VitroOral Mucosa Models of Fungal and Bacterial Infections

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