Oral estrogen therapy may mitigate the effects of aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness in postmenopausal women

Cardoso, Crivaldo Gomes; Medina, Fabio Leandro; Pinto, Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues; Oneda, Bruna; Costa, Luiz Augusto Riani; Labes, Eliana; Abrahão, Sandra B.; Tinucci, Taís; Mion, Décio; Fonseca, Ângela Maggio da; Forjaz, C. L. M.

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31829e4a35

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…One study evaluated the combination of resistance training and AT ( 33 ) and the others investigated the effects of AT ( 34 - 39 ). The HRT used was orally administered and included estradiol valerate ( 36 - 39 ), unopposed estrogen, and/or progestins ( 33 - 35 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies (71%) reported results related to physical fitness. These included AT performed 3 times a week with moderate intensity and oral HRT with 1 mg/day estrogen ( 36 , 37 , 39 ) or 0.625 mg/day equine conjugated estrogen ( 34 ) for 26 weeks. Only one trial included five weekly training sessions, with 1 mg/day oral estrogen for 12 weeks ( 35 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one trial included five weekly training sessions, with 1 mg/day oral estrogen for 12 weeks ( 35 ). Cardoso et al ( 36 ) showed that HRT attenuated the increase in oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ) promoted by AT (AT + HRT=2.8±1.4 vs AT + placebo=5.8±3.4, P=0.02). The VO 2peak meta-analysis did not show any change that favored the combined treatment (HRT + exercise) over exercise alone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have pointed out that ovarian hormone deprivation in the first stages of menopause does not seem to significantly influence functional capacity ( 47 ). In contrast, Cardoso et al ( 36 ) suggested that the attenuation of gains in VO 2peak as a result of HRT may be justified by the increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress generated by HRT and its modulation of sympathetic tone, leading to lower secretion of catecholamines and limiting the production and use of glucose, mainly during the high intensities reached in the effort tests ( 48 - 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The limitations of our study must be considered. First, some reports reviewed in the current study did not define the type of menopause assessed ( 33 , 34 ), whereas others had a mix of surgical and physiological menopause populations ( 35 - 38 ). Therefore, our findings cannot distinguish between surgical or physiological post-menopause, and our results may have been affected by a meta-analysis bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sánchez-Delgado,

Jácome-Hortúa,

Uribe-Sarmiento

et al. 2023

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The cardioprotective effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been demonstrated in several studies. Similarly, physical exercise has yielded positive results. However, the effects of their combination remain inconclusive. This review describes the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We searched the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases and included randomized controlled trials published up to December 2021 on the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We identified 148 articles, of which only seven met the inclusion criteria (386 participants; 91 [23%] HRT + exercise; 104 [27%] HRT; 103 [27%] exercise; 88 [23%] placebo). The combined treatment further decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the isolated effect of aerobic training (AT) (mean difference [MD]=-1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-2.65 to -0.72, n=73). Nevertheless, it attenuated the decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD=0.78; 95%CI: 0.22-1.35, n=73), and the increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak ) promoted by exercise (AT + HRT=2.8±1.4 vs AT + placebo=5.8±3.4, P=0.02). The combination of AT and oral HRT improved SBP. However, AT alone seemed to have a better effect on physical fitness and DBP in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sánchez-Delgado,

Jácome-Hortúa,

Uribe-Sarmiento

et al. 2023

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The effects of aerobic exercise on cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal females: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Huynh,

Wiley,

Noguchi

et al. 2024

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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Background: After menopause, reductions in ovarian hormones increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk in older adults, but its effectiveness in postmenopausal females is less definitive. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the: (1) effects of aerobic training, and (2) association between aerobic training intensity and cardiometabolic health outcomes in postmenopausal females. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources and Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from inception to July 21, 2023 for aerobic training interventions reporting cardiometabolic outcomes in postmenopausal females. Data were synthesized qualitatively and random-effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses (light, moderate, and vigorous intensity) were performed. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Fifty-nine studies ( n = 4,225; 45–78 years old) were identified, 53 ( n = 3,821) were included in the quantitative analyses. Aerobic training interventions varied in frequency (3–21×/week), intensity, type, time (8–60 min/session), and duration (3–52 weeks). Aerobic training improved systolic blood pressure (mean difference (MD) = −4.41 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) [−7.29, −1.52], p = 0.01), resting heart rate (MD = −3.08 bpm, 95%CI [−5.11, −1.05], p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI, MD = −0.65 kg/m2, 95%CI [−0.99, −0.31], p < 0.01), waist circumference (MD = −2.03 cm, 95%CI [−2.65, −1.41], p < 0.01), body fat (MD = −2.57 kg, 95%CI [−3.65, −1.49], p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = −10.46 mg/dL, 95%CI [−16.31, −4.61], p < 0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 3.28 mg/dL, 95%CI [0.20, 6.36], p = 0.04) and cardiorespiratory fitness (standardized MD = 1.38, 95%CI [1.13, 1.64], p < 0.01). There was a very low certainty of evidence for all outcomes. In subgroup analyses, light- and vigorous intensities were beneficial for BMI with no effect for moderate-intensity exercise ( p < 0.01). Light intensity showed a beneficial effect ( p = 0.02) for glucose levels ( p < 0.01) and triglycerides; there was no effect with moderate or vigorous intensities. Conclusion: Aerobic training may improve cardiometabolic health outcomes in postmenopausal females. There may be differential effects of exercise intensity on BMI, blood triglycerides, and blood glucose; however, this warrants further investigation. Registration: PROSPERO—CRD42022313350

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Oral estrogen therapy may mitigate the effects of aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness in postmenopausal women

Abstract: Oral estrogen therapy may mitigate the cardiorespiratory fitness increase induced by aerobic training in hysterectomized healthy postmenopausal women.

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The effects of aerobic exercise on cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal females: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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