Oral Excretion of Epstein-Barr Virus by Healthy Subjects and Patients With Infectious Mononucleosis

Gerber, Paul; Lucas, Susan J.; Nonoyama, Meihan; Perlin, Elliot; Goldstein, LeonardI.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92402-6

Cited by 249 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the absence of immunosuppression the EBV cycle becomes productive in the salivary glands and oropharyngeal mucosa, with occasional shedding into saliva contributing to viral transmission (37). In contrast, plasma drawn from healthy people very rarely contains EBV DNA (18,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human CD8+ T Cell Memory Generation in Puumala Hantavirus Infection Occurs after the Acute Phase and Is Associated with Boosting of EBV-Specific CD8+ Memory T Cells

Tuuminen

Kekäläinen

Mäkelä

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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The induction and maintenance of T cell memory is incompletely understood, especially in humans. We have studied the T cell response and the generation of memory during acute infection by the Puumala virus (PUUV), a hantavirus endemic to Europe. It causes a self-limiting infection with no viral persistence, manifesting as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. HLA tetramer staining of PBMC showed that the CD8+ T cell response peaked at the onset of the clinical disease and decreased within the next 3 wk. Expression of activation markers on the tetramer-positive T cells was also highest during the acute phase, suggesting that the peak population consisted largely of effector cells. Despite the presence of tetramer-positive T cells expressing cytoplasmic IFN-γ, PUUV-specific cells producing IFN-γ in vitro were rare during the acute phase. Their frequency, as well as the expression of IL-7Rα mRNA and surface protein, increased during a follow-up period of 6 wk and probably reflected the induction of memory T cells. Simultaneously with the PUUV-specific response, we also noted in seven of nine patients an increase in EBV-specific T cells and the transient presence of EBV DNA in three patients, indicative of viral reactivation. Our results show that in a natural human infection CD8+ memory T cells are rare during the peak response, gradually emerging during the first weeks of convalescence. They also suggest that the boosting of unrelated memory T cells may be a common occurrence in human viral infections, which may have significant implications for the homeostasis of the memory T cell compartment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human CD8+ T Cell Memory Generation in Puumala Hantavirus Infection Occurs after the Acute Phase and Is Associated with Boosting of EBV-Specific CD8+ Memory T Cells

Tuuminen

Kekäläinen

Mäkelä

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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“…However, in developed populations, primary infection is more frequently delayed until adolescence or adulthood, in many cases producing the characteristic clinical features of IM. EBV is orally transmitted, and infectious virus can be detected in oropharyngeal secretions from IM patients, from immunosuppressed patients and at lower levels from healthy EBV seropositive individuals (Gerber et al, 1972;Strauch et al, 1974;Yao et al, 1985). Early in the course of primary infection, EBV infects B lymphocytes, although it is not known where B lymphocytes are infected and whether this involves epithelial cells.…”

Section: The Virus and Its Natural History Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus and oncogenesis: from latent genes to tumours

2003

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus associated with the development of both lymphoid and epithelial tumours. As a common virus infection, EBV appears to have evolved to exploit the process of B cell development to persist as a life-long asymptomatic infection. However, the virus can contribute to oncogenesis as evidenced by its frequent detection in certain tumours, namely Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), post-transplant B cell lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and by its unique ability to efficiently transform resting B cells in vitro into permanently growing lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These transforming effects are associated with the restricted expression of EBV genes such that only a subset of so-called latent virus proteins are expressed in virus infected tumours and in LCLs. Distinct forms of EBV latency are manifest in the different tumours and these appear to be a vestige of the pattern of latent gene expression used by the virus during the establishment of persistent infection within the B cell pool. This review summarises our current knowledge of EBV latent gene function and how this relates to the role of the virus in the aetiology of different tumours.

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“…Desgrange and de The (1977) also reported similar findings and, as suggested by these authors, such antibodies might have interfered with the isolation of EBV from the throat washings of NPC patients. By contrast, it was shown by Gerber et al (1972) that EBV is readily isolated from the throat washings of IM patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Factors affecting serum IgA antibody to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigens in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Ho¹,

Ng²,

Kwan³

1978

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Irrespective of the ethnic origin of the patient, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), appears to stimulate the production of IgA antibodies against VCA. These antibodies are detected at high frequency and titres in sera from NPC patients but only rarely from control subjects. A majority of relapse-free survivors tested 1-12 years after radiotherapy (RT) sustain a detectable level of IgA anti-VCA. Serum titres of IgA anti-VCA remain relatively unchanged in individual NPC patients after RT, regardless of the disease evolution. These antibodies were detected in serum from one individual 9 months before NPC and the titre rose concomitantly with its clinical onset.

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Oral Excretion of Epstein-Barr Virus by Healthy Subjects and Patients With Infectious Mononucleosis

Cited by 249 publications

References 2 publications

Human CD8+ T Cell Memory Generation in Puumala Hantavirus Infection Occurs after the Acute Phase and Is Associated with Boosting of EBV-Specific CD8+ Memory T Cells

Human CD8+ T Cell Memory Generation in Puumala Hantavirus Infection Occurs after the Acute Phase and Is Associated with Boosting of EBV-Specific CD8+ Memory T Cells

Epstein–Barr virus and oncogenesis: from latent genes to tumours

Factors affecting serum IgA antibody to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigens in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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