Oral findings and microbiological evaluation in a case of triple-X syndrome

Abstract

We present a case of a triple-X syndrome in a Japanese girl who was treated from 5Y9M to 14Y6M of age at the Pedodontic Clinic of Osaka University Dental Hospital. At the first examination, multiple dental caries were identified, and a pulpectomy and extraction of the affected teeth were carried out. There were no congenitally absent teeth, including third molars, though the development of permanent teeth was approximately 2 years behind chronological age. At 14Y6M, a PCR analysis of 10 putative periodontopathic bacteria was performed, and all 10 species were found in saliva samples. At the same time, an oral examination revealed that the gingival tissues were highly inflamed with an extremely large amount of calculus, suggesting a risk for the early onset of periodontitis.

Clinical and microbiological evaluations of mandibular lateral incisor with radicular-gingival groove

“…In this study, we evaluated the bacterial profile in the affected region and compared it to other periodontal healthy regions in the same patient. The 10 periodontal bacterial species were selected based on previous reports regarding their association with periodontitis clinically, which analyzed the distribution of those species in periodontal healthy children as well as those with periodontal diseases [19][20][21][22] . In recent studies, the bacterial group known as the red complex species, composed of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola, has been shown to be highly associated with the severity of periodontitis 23) .…”